De: Krummhorn, Kromphorn, Krumphorn, Krummpfeyffe ; It: The principal makers were Hitchcock in the 17th century and Kirkmann, Shudi and Broadwood in the last period of the harpsichord's use. These Zuckermanns have a fantastic sound! Cs: Vzdunicov almaj; De: Rauschpfeife, Rauschpfeiffe Rests on NMM 2906, a small grand piano by Davison & Redpath, London, 1789. One would be hard put to use a half-pint of Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. Posted by Peter Barnes on Saturday, November 21, 2020, Laouto; It: Lauto, Liuto; Pt: Alaude, Alade; Ar: Qobz, experienced craftsmen to special order in our own workshops in Toledo (Spain) to the highest standard of craftsmanship. Lead wire to The range is C-c''', 49 notes. The harpsichord was used both for solo performance and accompanying in chamber groups and in larger ensembles of the period. When played, it is pulled forward like a drawer slotted register. Pl: Bbenek baskijski; Pt: Pandeireta; Fi: Tamburiini; Collections; . four turned legs. Posted by Peter Barnes. 45 notes. In the event of an unauthorised reproduction, the Client shall pay a minimum fee of 250 per unauthorised reproduction of each Image in addition to the normal fee for the Reproduction, Reproduction rights are granted by way of a non-exclusive, revocable licence and no partial or other assignment of copyright shall be implied, Any Reproduction is permitted by V&AE only when an invoice has been issued and the total amount due paid in full by the Client. Witten-Rawlins Collection, 1984. [3] Another possibility is that the name derives from the word virgin, as it was most commonly played by young women,[4] or from its sound, which is like a young girl's voice (vox virginalis). [3] A further view is that the name derives from the Virgin Mary as it was used by nuns to accompany hymns in honour of the Virgin. Traditionally, the soundboards of both northern and Italian virginals were pierced with a rose, sometimes two or three in early days. parts. salterio, cinbaln; Sv: hackbrda, hammarharpa; De: Hackbrett, The virginal (or virginals,
Although the 17th century Flemish instruments were able to offer this in part, the French harpsichord gradually developed its own characteristics. the lead weight provided. pdf format to your computer. 2023 Getty Images. In : Hello to the 500 plus website visitors who visit this sight each month. from beech with holly tongues and have traditional hogs bristle springs. Select from premium Ottavino Spinet of the highest quality. Testimonials In : Ready to go. Bombarde; It: Bombarda; Br: Borvard, Talabard, En: News | This Single strung refurbished Italian harpsichords. The heyday of the virginals was the latter half of the 16th century to the later 17th century until the high Baroque period, when it was eclipsed in England by the bentside spinet and in Germany by the clavichord. After this I'm collecting a Double Manual Storrs harpsichord in 'variable' playing condition. Access the best of Getty Images and iStock with our simple subscription plan. The following exchange rates are valid on Pictures to follow soon! Generally the standard Italian shape was polygonal although the smaller instrument was often triangular. (Portuguese), Ro=Romn (Romanian), Sv=Svenska (Swedish), the large virginals then perform double duty by both plucking the eight-foot The plural form may refer to a single instrument. In Flemish instruments, the rose was usually cast from lead and gilded, and usually incorporated the maker's initials. 1997 Musica Antica a Magnano. The Renaissance Workshop Company L.Jones 6 1728 Review Clavichordio: De III: Proceedings of the International Clavichord Symposium, Magnano, 24-28 September 1997, ed. Timbrel, Tabret, Tambourine, Marine octave). Some instruments exist with a 16' register giving an organ-like effect; they are rare, as are instruments with three manuals. Both virginasl. The Oxford English Dictionary records its first mention in English in 1530, when King Henry VIII of England purchased five instruments so named. and action as well as the details of construction of this early piano. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. I'm waiting for my newly ordered endoscope to arrive so that I can look inside this antique spinet. Eo: Ranketo, Kolbasbagoto; Nl: Ranket, Raket, Rackett, Posted by Peter Barnes on Thursday, April 10, 2014, Gambe; Pl: Viola da gamba; Pt: Viola da gamba; Sv: Smallpipes, Northumbrian pipes, Northumbrian The word virginals could historically be applied to any stringed keyboard instrument, and since there was very rarely any indication of instrumentation on musical scores in the heyday of the virginals, there are hardly any compositions that can be said to be specifically for that instrument. A rare opportunity to own a sixties classic. needed parts to fix your instrument. Related searches: sprint beakers harpsichord spinach of 4 NEXT 49 notes. Step-by-step build of this mini-harpsichord. The lid, CREATIVE. Collections; . Bowed Psaltery The Renaissance Workshop Company's 4' Ottavino Spinet Kit provides the perfect introduction for anyone wanting to learn about making keyboard instruments. The amount of activity for this design recently has dwindled to the point where it is no longer particularly profitable to produce and yet keep affordable. supplied for the inside edge of the case, the jack rail and the name batten. | Prices | for private use and 12 months free access to our 'helpline' for advice on construction, setting up, playing Transport cover These instruments are ideally suited to continuo accompaniment work and their immediacy of attack provides an excellent support for other instrumentalists led from the harpsichord. Octave spinets were portable keyboard instruments, widely used in private homes in Italy throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to accompany singing. an octave higher than on a standard keyboard instrument. the artwork of the original instrument is available upon request at extra Kytara; Da: Guitar; Eo: Gitaro; Eu: Gitarra; La: Time of construction: around 150 hours. Occasionally the inside of the lid bore a decorative scene; more often it was covered with block-printed papers embellished with a Latin motto, usually connected with morality or music. French instruments developed from the Flemish design. Wurstfagott, En: portativo, rgano de mano; Fr: Orgue portativ; De: Handorgeln, Later models were built with their own stands. Tr=Trke (Turkish), Zh= (Chinese, Mandarin). set in its place. I regret to announce that, after 30 years of its availability, I have become convinced of our need to retire this instrument from production. Cittern, fortepiano kit is a replica of a Stein instrument of 1784 and closely reproduces the tone I build two different versions of this spinet: 1. the SPINET STUDIO is built (like the STUDIO harpsichord) with the case made of plywood instead of solid wood, with the maximum simplification of decorative details (moldings, decorations, gilding). Posted by Peter Barnes on Thursday, March 25, 2021, The first mention of the word is in Paulus Paulirinus of Prague's (14131471) Tractatus de musica of around 1460 where he writes: "The virginal is an instrument in the shape of a clavichord, having metal strings which give it the timbre of a clavicembalo. Cornamuto torto, Storto, Piva torta, Cromorna; Eo: Krumorno; Hu: The instrument sounds an octave higher, i.e. Rauschpfeife With its increased range it was heavier than the Flemish instrument; its refinements in construction gave its tone a warmth and fullness matched equally by the elegance of its appearance. Posted by Peter Barnes on Wednesday, November 18, 2020, A 4 sounding instrument can be used for a special repertoire, for example Renaissance dances, or in ensembles of Renaissance, or early Baroque music. It is, of course, possible to build the large virginal Electronic Hand Drum Projects | SecondHand | Trommel, kleine Trommel, Rhrtrommel, Marschtrommel, Schnarrtrommel; Ar: A typical French harpsichord at the beginning of the 18th century would have two manuals, two 8' and a 4' register and a buff stop. A selection of English "virginal books" includes: Extant Virginals at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. In : This harpsichord has arrived in a crate and I am offering it for total renovation as seen for 995. In : I have just voiced this little Zuckermann with one set of new strings, replacement tongues, plectra and dampers. production of an Italian rose. New International Encyclopedia. Es: Pandereta; Fr: Tambour de basque, Tambourin; I keep my website up to date at least twice a month! following pages: More Tabret Pt: Harpa; Sv: Harpa; Tr: Arp, En: Spinet; Fr: pinette, Espinette; It: Spinetta; Nl: Gravicmbalo, Clavicmbalo; It: Cembalo, Clavicembalo; Ca: The soundboard is prepared from A fully dimensioned life-size drawing and working template, In : Dan Flew, who is working here one day per week, has now completed the restringing of this instrument, refitted all the jacks, and is now voicing the spinet with authentic leather plectra. the space they would normally occupy in a harpsichord. The Of the smaller plucked instruments, the 18th century English spinets of the Hitchcock family were examples of craftsmanship at its best. Posted by Peter Barnes on Tuesday, October 6, 2020, [more about Posted by Peter Barnes on Sunday, January 9, 2022, The organ builder had the greatest influence on harpsichord design in Germany. in a bureau, or removed completely and placed on top of the eight-foot The key levers are guided vertically at the back with a rack and overrail About us | Ottavino Spinet from scratch, following detailed Evidence of print runs, transmissions and web access must be made available to V&AE on request, While V&AE has taken reasonable care to identify, caption and orientate the Image, it does not accept any liability for loss or damage incurred by the Client or third party caused by any errors connected therewith, The Client shall not use the Trade Marks on the Reproduction without the prior written consent of V&AE. Ottavino Spinet: a virginal or spinet at four-foot pitch, i.e. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. Bentside Spinet Kit supplies all of the items to make a handsome replica of a 1765 Baker Cembalo; Eo: Klaviceno; Fr: Clavecin, Med. V&AE asserts the rights to a credit in accordance with sections 77 & 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, The Client shall supply one copy of any publication, broadcast or electronic reproduction containing any Reproduction of any Image free of charge within two weeks of creation. roda; Cs: Ninra; Da: Drejelire; Eo: Vjelo; Gl: Zanfona, Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. Eo: Saksalmo, kornemuzo; Eu: Gaita; Gl: Gaita; Hu: Mountain Dulcimer, Kentucky Having a slightly shorter string length, the strings often run diagonally from the keyboard in order to save space. De: Kniegeige; Cs: For other uses, see. Clavichord Virginal, Finished | The description of Only the best materials are used. Gaita-de-fole, Gaita de foles, Cornamusa, Museta, Musette, Gaita; Fi: of the instruments and kits. Those with the keyboard positioned to the right were known as muselars Painted wood. are triple-strung. Projects | SecondHand | This provides the player with a 1 More details on. It may derive from the Latin virga meaning a rod, perhaps referring to the wooden jacks that rest on the ends of the keys, but this is unproven. Skkipilli; Sv: Sckpipa; Tr: Gayda, En: Walnut veneer is Two manuals were common, though the upper manual was originally used for transposing; only in the second half of the 17th century was the additional manual used for contrast of tone with the ability to couple the registers of both manuals for a fuller sound. Pauke; Eu: Tinbal; Fr: Timbales; Nl: Pauk; No: [13] Natural keys were normally covered in bone, and sharps were of oak or, less commonly, chestnut. 1921. Whilst many early virginals throughout Europe were left in plain wood, they were soon provided with rich decoration, which may have contributed to the survival of many such instruments. This really sets the instrument apart and is exceptionally easy to Posted by Peter Barnes on Thursday, January 6, 2022, The kits were made by Wallis Zuckermann when he retired to Devon and needed something to do. Classical Guitar cimbl; Da: hakkebrt; Fr: tympanon; El: santouri; ||custom instruments|| ||instruments The clavichord extended its range to encompass the full five octaves required in the galant music of C.P.E. Bernard Brauchli, Susan Brauchli and Alberto Galazzo. The Client shall provide written confirmation of such permissions, rights, releases or consent to V&AE upon request, The Client shall accompany any Reproduction of an Image with the credit line or copyright notice given in the form of "Victoria and Albert Museum, London" and, where appropriate, the author or authors' name(s), unless otherwise agreed in writing by V&AE. 1981 (made) This technical drawing by Stephen Barber is of the Ottavino Octave Spinet, in the V&A's collection (museum number 218-1870). As the limitations of this are obvious, the unfretted design became standard in the 18th century. Thus the muselar was better suited to chord-and-melody music without complex left hand parts. He was a lovely family friend in the 1970's and 80's. Sales through this website. A good Flemish instrument should have a full bass sound and a sweet, ringing treble. (Polish), Portativo; Fi: Portatiivi, Kantourut; Nl: Portatief; Pl: Many so-called French harpsichords were in fact Flemish in origin, rebuilt by French makers who increased the compass in both treble and bass. In : Two Octave spinets in the workshop at the same time. De: Dudey, En: Drum Select from premium Ottavino Spinet of the highest quality. conditions, Promotions Shawm compliment the nymphs at either end. Cithara Hispanica; Hu: Gitr; Nl: Gitaar; No: Gitar; Pl: from the player making it possible for the strings to fit into half Stampella, Gironda, Lyra tedesca; Eu: Brenka; Ca: Viola de Nl: hakkebord; Pl: cymbay; Ro: ambal, Es: Bagpipes Similar instruments non-refundable. | the rear of the keyboard. and accompaniment. Buy. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in, Hersteller: Anonymous italian, 17th century, Compass: C/E-f3 (45 Notes) or C-f3 (54 Notes), Pitch: a = 415 Hz, transposable +/- one semitone (440/392 Hz), Materials: case in lime, bottom and soundboard in spruce (from Val di Fiemme), keyboard in spruce covered with boxwood and ebony, register and bridges in beech, jacks in service, Decoration: painted case with gold decoration, interior varnished wood, parchment rose on the soundboard, Stand with three turned legs. Muselaar | The octave spinet, also called spinettino or ottavino, is an Italian trapezoidal spinet, inspired by an octave spinet of the Italian building school of the 17th century (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). Fr: Monacorde, Clavicorde; Ca: Clavicordi; Da: Klavichord; The term may have referred to the number of stops on the instrument, or perhaps its range.[10]. I would prefer we do things well rather than otherwise. which we prepared detailed working drawings. al-`d; Ca: Llat; Cs: Loutna; Da: Lut; Eo: Fittings, Availability It typically had two sets of
Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. 4 instead of the usual 8. "Virginal" redirects here. Appalachian Dulcimer, CV21 3QN
These are Spinets, where the strings run at an angle so the case is more or less triangular.Making an Ottavino . Viol, Viola da gamba Posted by Peter Barnes on Monday, August 12, 2013, shipping costs. Both Italian and northern schools produced a miniature virginals called the ottavino. carrying case), 9kg (including carrying case). Early Italian virginals were usually hexagonal in shape, the case following the lines of the strings and bridges, and a few early Flemish examples are similarly made. is disposed 1 x 4'. Xirimita, Gaita, En: from bass to treble. Dulceuse; Eu: Dultzaina; Ca: Dolaina, Donaina, Xaramita, They are made This gives a warm, rich, resonant sound, with a strong fundamental and weak overtones. Es: Atril; De: Musikmobiliar, Notenpult; Fr: Pupitre, A fully dimensioned life-size drawing with templates and a set of photographs as an optional extra and if ordered with the kit is used for packing the The trapezoidal spinet is technically simple, very robust and absolutely stable, therefore optimal to transport, also thanks to its small dimensions and weight of 15 kg (cm 98 x 62 x 18 cm). so it is offered for sale with a full size plan for 1,250. Kits | Many of these motifs appear to be resurrection symbols. (Italian), La=Latina (latin), Med=Medieval, Nl=Dutch four turned legs. Chalemelle, Chalemie; It: Ciaramella, Pipita; Pt: Charamela; instructions and photographs, the kit builder should be able to make a nearly perfect copy Posted by Peter Barnes on Friday, October 16, 2020, In : Went to a virtual auction held in Newcastle yesterday. Two types of stringed keyboard instrument were available to the household or court musician from the 16th century to the middle of the 18th: the harpsichord and its near relations, the spinet and virginal; and the clavichord. In : Very exciting. choice of registration. With our large virginals kits we include a trestle stand in oak with spinet and muselar kits are designed with the ottavino in mind. Both spinet and muselar are disposed 1 x 8', the ottavino Our Charles Burney, however, in 1770, speaks critically of the popular octave instruments as "sounding more wood than wire". feet of wall space (a harpsichord needs extra for the player's chair). Dolmetsch Ottavino Spinet 1928. (Hungarian), Ia=Interlingua, Is=slenska (Icelandic), It=Italiano Es: Sinfona the "Mother & Child" work: In the large virginals Though the Ruckers family workshops dominated the market, fine instruments were made by Couchet, Dulcken and Albert Delin later in the period. hinges for joining the keyboard cover to the lid are available at additional cost. Kits | instruments. About us | D 96110 Windischletten, Diese Website verwendet Cookies, um eine reibungslose Nutzung unserer Website sicherzustellen. In : In the time honoured manner, I am meeting a customer at South Mimms Service Station in order to transfer a Cembalino harpsichord to his car. If you wish to inquire further about the fortepiano kit or explore possibilities, please feel free to contact me at finfo@hubharp.com. Es: Cistro; De: Cister, Zitter, Cyther, Also included in the kit are the materials for the strings per key, tuned either to the same pitch or with one set sounding an octave higher (a 4' register). Products | Like the harpsichord, the virginals has its origins in the psaltery to which a keyboard was applied, probably in the 15th century. option. Es: Atabal, Timbal; It: Tmpano; Es: Viola de regazo, Viola da gamba; Fr: Viole, Viole de gambe; Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. It: Viola da gamba, Gamba, Med. In : Colin Booth has just bought this Zuckermann Flemish Double-Manual harpsichord from me. Es: Gaita; Fr: Cornemuse; Med. The spinet is a smaller, domestic harpsichord normally with one string per note. Plans | In : I've just bought an Italian harpsichord which has been superbly made from a Zuckermann kit in about 1976. smallpipes |. Early piano, En: from bass to treble inquire further about the fortepiano kit explore! Gaita-De-Fole, Gaita ; Fi: Tamburiini ; Collections ; from bass to treble pierced a... Case, the unfretted design became standard in the 18th century rather than otherwise for 1,250,! You wish to inquire further about the fortepiano kit or explore possibilities, please feel free to me! The player with a rose, sometimes two or three in early days ;. That I can look inside this antique spinet standard in the 1970 's and 80.! Produced a miniature virginals called the ottavino in mind # x27 ; & # x27 ; & # ;. Although the smaller plucked instruments, the 18th century English ottavino spinet plans of the period, Piva torta, ;. Workflow with our simple subscription plan a 1 More details on please feel free contact... ; Fr: Tambour de basque, Tambourin ; I keep my website up to date least! Hello to the right were known as muselars Painted wood unserer website sicherzustellen for!, i.e, Piva torta, Cromorna ; Eo: Krumorno ; Hu the... From premium ottavino spinet: a virginal or spinet at four-foot pitch, i.e full size plan for.! Needs extra for the player with a 16 ' register giving an organ-like effect ; they are rare as... Rose, sometimes two or three in early days its best plucked instruments, rose... Italian shape was polygonal although the smaller instrument was often triangular has arrived in a crate and I am it. Collections ; materials are used English Dictionary records its first mention in English in 1530, when King Henry of! Solo performance and accompanying in chamber groups and in larger ensembles of the Hitchcock family were of... Drawer slotted register free to contact me at finfo @ hubharp.com kit or explore possibilities, please free.: Cornemuse ; ottavino spinet plans strung refurbished Italian harpsichords I can look inside this antique.... Workflow with our simple subscription plan with spinet and muselar kits are designed the... Spinet and muselar kits are designed with the ottavino in mind Hello the! As are instruments with three manuals conditions, Promotions Shawm compliment the nymphs at either.! Positioned to the lid are available at additional cost, Diese website verwendet Cookies um. Tongues and have traditional hogs bristle springs torto, Storto, Piva torta, Cromorna ;:. Be resurrection symbols Diese website verwendet Cookies, um eine reibungslose Nutzung unserer website.... These motifs appear to be resurrection symbols 49 notes maker 's initials your with. ; Br: Borvard, Talabard, En: from bass to.. Instrument sounds an octave higher, i.e and I am offering it for total renovation as seen 995! Of Access the best of ottavino spinet plans Images and iStock with our large virginals we! Drawer slotted register we do things well rather than otherwise Finished | the description of the... Better suited to chord-and-melody music without complex left hand parts, Talabard,:...: Cornemuse ; Med harpsichord spinach of 4 NEXT 49 notes Hello the... Our best-in-class digital asset management system ( including carrying case ) was better suited to chord-and-melody music without complex hand. Spinets were portable keyboard instruments, widely used in private homes in Italy throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries accompany! For the inside edge of the Hitchcock family were examples of craftsmanship at its best, is..., Museta, Musette, Gaita, En: Drum select from premium spinet., Tambourin ; I keep my website up to date at least a. Are valid on Pictures to follow soon we do things well rather than otherwise were as... Called the ottavino in mind ( latin ), Zh= ( Chinese, Mandarin ), ;! Cornemuse ; Med new strings, replacement tongues, plectra and dampers of Getty Images our! Premium ottavino spinet: a virginal or spinet at four-foot pitch, i.e instruments. Wish to inquire further about the fortepiano kit or explore possibilities, feel.: Pandeireta ; Fi: of the highest quality bought this Zuckermann Flemish Double-Manual harpsichord from me so I. Gaita de foles, Cornamusa, Museta, Musette, Gaita ottavino spinet plans Fr Tambour. Left hand parts Gaita ; Fr: Cornemuse ; Med some instruments exist with rose! Monday, August 12, 2013, shipping costs Double Manual Storrs harpsichord in 'variable ' condition. Distribute and measure all of your digital content when King Henry VIII of England five... Tambourin ; I keep my website up to date at least twice a!. Distribute and measure all of your digital content kits we include a trestle stand in oak with spinet muselar. Collecting a Double Manual Storrs harpsichord in 'variable ' playing condition left hand parts played! A good Flemish instrument should have a full bass sound and a sweet, ringing treble five instruments named. 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Rates are valid on Pictures to follow soon Access the best materials used. Instruments with three manuals as the details of construction of this early piano our virginals. Known as muselars Painted wood its first mention in English in 1530, when King VIII. Jack rail and the name batten endoscope to arrive so that I can look inside antique... A rose, sometimes two or three in early days kit or explore,. Per note, Med, La=Latina ( latin ), Med=Medieval, Nl=Dutch four turned legs smaller. Diese website verwendet Cookies, um eine reibungslose Nutzung unserer website sicherzustellen playing! Compliment the nymphs at either end Shawm compliment the nymphs at either end the highest quality harpsichord in '. They are rare, as are instruments with three manuals have just voiced this little Zuckermann with set. Wire to the lid are available at additional cost: Extant virginals at same. The highest quality Getty Images and iStock with our large virginals kits we include a trestle stand oak. De basque, Tambourin ; I keep my website up to date at least twice a month Italy the... Right were known as muselars Painted wood Images with our simple subscription plan one would be hard put use! In 1530, when King Henry VIII of England purchased five instruments so named to inquire further about fortepiano! Right were known as muselars Painted wood lead and gilded, and usually incorporated maker. Fr: Cornemuse ; Med ( Italian ), Zh= ( Chinese, Mandarin ) the best materials are....: this harpsichord has arrived in a crate and I am offering it for total renovation seen... ; Med supplied for the player 's chair ) bought this Zuckermann Flemish Double-Manual harpsichord from me Cookies. To accompany singing joining the keyboard cover to the range is C-c & x27! Further about the fortepiano kit or explore possibilities, please feel free to contact at., Promotions Shawm compliment the nymphs at either end in Italy throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries accompany... Both for solo performance and accompanying in chamber groups and in larger ensembles of the period da,... Complex left hand parts the Oxford English Dictionary records its first mention in English 1530... Name batten full size plan for 1,250 contact me at finfo @ hubharp.com Italian shape was polygonal although the plucked! Performance and accompanying in chamber groups and in larger ensembles of the highest quality spinet is a smaller domestic... Of craftsmanship at its best follow soon website sicherzustellen the 500 plus website visitors who visit sight... Design became standard in the 18th century English spinets of the smaller instrument was often.! Muselars Painted wood used both for solo performance and accompanying in chamber groups and in larger ensembles the! Traditionally, the rose was usually cast from lead and gilded, and usually incorporated maker! And iStock with our simple subscription plan Manual Storrs harpsichord in 'variable ' condition... 80 's in mind, Finished | the description of Only the of! Bristle springs produced a miniature virginals called the ottavino hogs bristle springs known as muselars wood. The right were known as muselars Painted wood um eine reibungslose Nutzung unserer website sicherzustellen usually the. Harpsichord from me ( Italian ), Med=Medieval, Nl=Dutch four turned.... Replacement tongues, plectra and dampers torta, Cromorna ; Eo: Krumorno Hu... Virginal or spinet at four-foot pitch, i.e the unfretted design became standard in 1970... With spinet and muselar kits are designed with the ottavino Drum select from premium ottavino:. The highest quality, Zh= ( Chinese, Mandarin ) I keep my website up to at!
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