Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? By 2050, there could be more plastic than fish in the seas by weight, according to one estimate. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. Some of the island's historical buildings could be seen from the ocean, especially the House of . A humpback whale breaches in the waters by Nosy Boraha Island (le Sainte-Marie), Madagascar Gudkov Andrey (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), ? For all its richness, the region also has some of the highest rates of people living below the poverty line on the planet. In East Africa, the shift was marked by the appearance of sgraffito pottery manufactured in the Makrn. Kilwa, Pate, and Mogadishu also developed a local textile industry while Kilwa and Mogadishu extracted copper from nearby mines. Wildlife need corridors to move safely and easily between protected areas. There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. Today at the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, the Red Sea is about 12 miles (20 kilometres) wide, but 50,000 years ago it was much narrower and sea levels were 70 meters lower. The team of the East African Marine Transect is on a journey to explore the coral reefs of East Africa and get an understanding of their current health and status. . eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. This benefits local people who rely on the forest for their livelihoods and frees up resources for the governments to improve local education and health infrastructure. The amount of water being transported by the Agulhas . Click the image for a larger view. (1999). This warm current is also pushed westward by the cold Canary current. East African coastal cities participated in a larger Afro-Asian trade network a thousand years before Vasco Da Gama peeked around the Cape of Good Hope to find the way to sail to India. [46] It existed from approximately 100940 CE, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BCE to achieve prominence by the 1st century CE. The use of deterrentsnoise or chili peppershas resulted in a dramatic reduction of conflicts and crop field destruction. Stretching from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean is bordered by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. Along the coasts, you can find dugongs, whale sharks, dolphins, whales, and five species of marine turtles. Compass in the dark at Atlantis Reef dive site, Simons Town, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), I went diving at the newly discovered Atlantis reef. 2425. We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. However, the town was taken and destroyed, and its large treasures went to strengthen the resources of Almeida. Over a period of many centuries, most hunting-foraging peoples were displaced and absorbed by incoming Bantu communities, as well as by later Nilotic communities. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. The two most striking highlands are in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, where large areas reach elevations of 6,500 to 10,000 feet (2,000 to 3,000 metres). Whales, dolphins, dugongs and whale sharks inhabit these Indian Ocean waters. East coast rock lobsters found in the Indo-West Pacific region, from East Africa along the coast of the Indian Ocean, as far as the Malay Archipelago, and then along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean to Japan in the north and Australia, New Caledonia and probably the Marquesas Islands in the south. Marine Turtle, African elephant, Black rhino, White rhino, Great white shark, Dugong, Whale shark, In response to Covid-19, a new partnership will boost the devastated nature-based tourism industry in Africa, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. At about 30.3 million km 2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. The coastline of South Africa, stretching 1,740 miles (2,800 kilometers) From Mozambique to Namibia, is presided over by two great oceanic systems: a powerful current on one side of the continent . The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. WWF works with local communities, governments and industry to create awareness and appreciation for the connection between nature and people. The region also comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are . This little piece of heaven is very popular for honeymoons and romantic breaks. It spans two oceans as it winds its way down the Atlantic seaboard in the west and up into the warmer Indian Ocean waters to the east. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. Trade, which seems to have been by barter, was considerable, with the main export probably of ivory. They exported ivory (some of it went as far as China) and also tortoiseshell, ambergris, and leopard skins. The geography of East Africa is often stunning and scenic. Few would imagine that there could be more natural beauty on offer. Along the beaches and within coral reefs and seagrass beds, five species of marine turtles nest and feed: green turtle, hawksbill, olive ridley, loggerhead and leatherback. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. Omissions? For example, we work with farmers to adopt drought resistant crops and conserve natural resources in the face of water shortages. Birth of undersea volcano off the east coast of Africa recorded in great detail. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing may account for as much as a third of total catches in some important fisheries in the region, and the capacity for local enforcement is severely lacking. The Afar are found in both Eritrea and Djibouti. There are protected wildlife areas in southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, but they are separated by areas with large human populations. The Southern African coast line is 5500 km long and extends from Angola (Cunene River mouth)in the west to the Zambezi delta in the east, the border of Tanzania. Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. Workers pulling onions by the Mbarali River, Tanzania. Various bodies of water surround Africa the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the east and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and in these waters, you will find an array of dazzling lifeforms, from the smallest nudibranch to the impressive schools of fish that move through the water like a flock of red-billed queleas on the African plains. Attacks followed on Hoja (now known as Ungwana, located at the mouth of the Tana River), Barawa, Angoche, Pate and other coastal towns until the western Indian Ocean was a safe haven for Portuguese commercial interests. This, combined with the poleward-flowing Agulhas Current, serves to characterise the coastal ocean in . The Indian ocean lies to the east of Africa, Wiki User. 1. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). This has led to major pollution and overfishing. The British Museum. Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. East Coast ports have been undertaking more and more investments in recent years. Rwanda and Uganda continue to be involved in related conflicts outside the region. Ancient Africa's east coast was home to trading cities, a region that subsists primarily on international import and export. The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Eastern Africa, 16001800 A.D. Humanities LibreTexts - East Africa and the Horn of Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - East Africa, Ugandan lawmaker introduces new anti-LGBTQ legislation, French court to rule on TotalEnergies' east Africa projects, Jill Biden sees East Africa drought up close, seeks more aid, Kenya labor court rules that Facebook can be sued. To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. Africa borders on both the North and South Atlantic, from roughly the location of Cape Town to Gibraltar. Rhaptas main imports were metal weapons and iron toolssuggesting that iron smelting was not yet known. 1: The volcanic ridge offshore Mayotte. WWF helped Mozambique establish the Quirimbas marine reserve in 2002. This includes some of the biggest animals in the sea: whale sharks, giant manta rays, humpback whales, dolphins, tiger sharks, and all the colors and wonder of tropical fish and coral reefs. [51] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. The three main colors of the African country were beige, red, and blue. Though there is little evidence to suggest that its inhabitants had any buildings to begin with, wattle-and-daub dwellings appeared in due course, and by the 10th century short lengths of coral masonry wall were being built. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. 2002. We facilitate ranger training and provide equipment. In the high mountains rainfall can be over 2,500mm (98in). Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. They sailed there with the northeast monsoon, returning home in the summer with the southwest. Reports show that eight million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. We also introduced a new program of raising goats and offered improved husbandry techniques to reduce the animals impact on vegetation and crops. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. Coastal East Africa hosts the second largest population of savanna elephants in Africa. A blacktip shark cruises the lagoon as a storm approaches in Aldabra atoll, Seychelles Adam Mitchell (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), TheAldabra atollhas one of the highest shark densities of anywhere in the western Indian Ocean. Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies. Just as there are major conservation issues for the animals on the continent of Africa such as poaching, habitat destruction, and other threats, there are many issues and concerns for the East African marine ecosystems and animals. WWF has worked with local communities to replant and restore degraded mangrove forests in Tanzania and Mozambique, enhancing the resilience of these habitats to climate change. The construction of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593 was meant to solidify Portuguese hegemony in the region, but their influence was clipped by the British, Dutch and Omani Arab incursions into the Great Lakes region during the 17th century. At this stage, the Portuguese presence in East Africa served the purposes of controlling trade within the Indian Ocean and securing the sea routes linking Europe to Asia. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. With imports and exports on the rise in and out of these ports, it's only a matter of time before larger and deeper berths are necessary to accommodate the changes and remain competitive. Threatened by illegal fishing, agricultural pollution and surrounding forest degradation, WWF worked to protect this area for future generations. This, coupled with similar climatic and ecological conditions in most of the surrounding coastal lands, has . Local communities play a critical role in management and patrolling of the area, and have established sanctuaries (no-fishing zones) that allow for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and corals. With these territories secured, Britain was able to serve as gatekeeper of the sea lane leading to British India. In the African Great Lakes region, Niger-Congo languages of the Bantu branch are most widely spoken. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. Foreigners operate large-scale industrial fisheries along the coast, exporting most of the catch. The region has endured the following post-colonial conflicts: Kenya has enjoyed relatively stable governance. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The coast of East Africa provides many excellent natural harbours formed by submerged former river estuaries. This particular shark was cruising with the outgoing current towards the lagoon entrance as a storm front darkened the sky on the horizon. This photo depicts a portion of the base of the smack, illustrating the dense concentration of jellyfish. ~ Geo Cloete, ? On the east coast of Africaat the western edge of the Indian Oceanlies a narrow strip of land that has hosted travelers for thousands of years. In the Western Indian Ocean, WWF works to transform the way fisheries are managed in order to achieve sustainability. Outside of protected areas, WWF supports joint antipoaching efforts, involving police, military and park service staff. Rising demand and weak enforcement have led to a higher incidence of elephant poaching and increasing ivory markets. We work with famers to improve soil fertility, resulting in greater yield on less land. collapse afer a 1500 year reign over the Southern Nile valley as a result of the migrating Noba, The immigration and Conquest of the Noba would culturally reshape the Sudanese nile valley and lead to the transition of the region into the 3 Nubian speaking Christian kingdoms afterwards, Makuria, Alodia (Also known as Alwa) and Nobatia as result of the Noba who likley spoke proto nubian.[43]. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. 2010-10-06 07:36:31. Due to the sheer size of the smack of jellyfish, it was impossible to capture the complete scene in a single frame, even though I was using a fisheye lens. Such local participation and management will help ensure protection of the lakes vital resources for future generations. The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. Only in quite recent times has agriculture spread to the more humid regions south of the equator, through the spread of cattle, sheep and crops such as millet. The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Please click on this logo for more information. Popular Destinations Tanzania A much more vigorous resistance was offered by the Moors of Mombasa. Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the East African Rift System run through the region. [52], The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of Rhapta, Azania and Menouthias[53] referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] ultimately giving rise to the name for Tanzania. Seyyid said later introduced copper and silver coins. To the west, Africa has its longest coastline with the Atlantic Ocean. Eastern Africa had an estimated population of 260 million in 2000. But there is: underwater. Author of, Distinguished Professor of History and African Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. Farmers are often killed while trying to defend their fields and elephants become the source of resentment and anger by the local communities. We also work towards MSC certification for the deep water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. A team of researchers . Lionel Casson. The different types of mangroves that were planted can withstand longer periods of flooding. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Indian Ocean, meanwhile, tempts travellers with the promise of idyllic islands set amongst calm turquoise waters, including Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives and the Seychelles. However, all is not lost as marine reserves around the globe have proven what a remarkable recovery the marine ecosystem can make if given full protection. The climate of eastern Africa is generally tropical, though average temperatures tend to be reduced by the regions high elevations. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. Best Answer. The Atlantic is, generally speaking, S-shaped and narrow in relation . June 25, 2020. The Gulf Stream is a powerful western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean that strongly influences the climate of the East Coast of the United States and many Western European countries. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. Lamu is one of the oldest Swahili settlements in East Africa. Sharm el-Sheikh has become . Author of. (Translation by H. Frisk, 1927, with updates and improvements and detailed notes). Language distributions suggest that this most likely occurred from Sudan into the African Great Lakes region, since the Nilotic languages spoken by these pre-Bantu farmers have their closest relatives in the middle Nile basin. Overfishingfor local consumption and export to commercial marketsposes a major threat to the region. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. The Western Hemisphere includes about half of Antarctica and all of North and South America which includes the Caribbean and Central America as well as Greenland. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. 1969. It flows south along the east coast of Africafrom 27S to 40S. Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Red Sea to the northeast, Indian Ocean to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. We also work with local communities in Mozambique and Kenya to reduce turtle harvesting and local trade. We measure sea temperature daily in 73 countries or regions, including: Azores, South Africa, England, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Benin, Bermuda and Brazil . . Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya are not only sources of ivory, but also major conduits for illegal wildlife trade. The first identifiable building sites are dated from this time, and, according to Arab geographers, the East African coast was then generally thought of as being divided into four: (1) Berber (Amazigh) lands, which ran down the Somalian coast to the Shabeelle River, (2) Zanj proper, (3) the land of Sofala in present-day Mozambique, whence gold was beginning to be shipped by about the 10th century, and (4) a vaguely described land of Waq waq, beyond. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, large African Great Lakes kingdoms and states emerged, such as the Buganda[65] and Karagwe[65] kingdoms of Uganda and Tanzania. East Africa Discover East Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands - Enjoy Breathtaking Scenery, Wonderful Plants & Trees, Countless Varieties of Birds & Abundant Wildlife East Africa is home to some of the continent's most famous sights, but also some of its least explored corners. Apparently established in the 9th century, it is distinguished for its seawalls of coral blocks, each of which weighs up to a ton. In 1890, beginning with the purchase of the small port town of (Asseb) from a local sultan in Eritrea, the Italians colonized all of Eritrea. The Moors of Mombasa the page across from the article title foot in the African were! Often stunning and scenic led to a higher incidence of elephant poaching and increasing markets. 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