a president's power has largely depended on

(The choice, and the terminology, were slightly less bellicose than a blockade, or a halt to all Cuba-bound traffic.) Mitchel A . E. is subordinate to the Supreme Court. B. . A president's accomplishments have largely depended on A. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. The Constitution assigns no executive authority to the vice president. The President's Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution. E. It removes from Congress the power to restrict the timing or size of president-initiated military actions. is the queen more powerful than the president. Having a single executive could lead to tyranny due to the fact that they would not have to check with other powers and could use all of the power to themselves. C. of the need to coordinate national economic policy and foreign policy, a task to which the presidency was well suited. D. It requires the president to inform Congress within one month of the reason for the military action. B. Maine As Justice Stevens wrote for the majority, [w]hether or not the President has independent power, absent congressional authorization, to convene military commissions, he may not disregard limitations that Congress has, in proper exercise of its own war powers, placed on his powers. However, the scope of Hamdan remains unclear, and in 2015 President Obama suggested that a statute completely limiting his ability to transfer detainees from the military prison at Guantnamo might unconstitutionally infringe his Commander in Chief powers. Advertising Notice As a controversial 2002 government memorandum argued. He now has command of the Texas bureaucracy almost akin to a president's control of a cabinet. D. presidential nominee's choice of a running mate. D. The veto is as much a sign of presidential weakness as of strength, because it arises when Congress refuses to accept the president's ideas. rigorous treatments of specific formal powers granted presidents under the Constitu-tion. To be sure, it may often be difficult to draw a clear line between legislative Rules for the conduct of the military, on one hand, and executive direction of military operations on the other. 74. E. None of these answers is correct. Link couldn't be copied to clipboard! Which of the following is a formal constitutional requirement for becoming president? Here, President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush examine legislation in the Oval Office in 1984. A. the small policymaking role of the federal government A. Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell. Bush won a Congressional resolution supporting his decision to oust Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991. But Johnson could not control the pace of the war, and as it turned into a long-term struggle costing the United States thousands of lives, increasing numbers of Americans questioned the wisdom of fighting what had begun to seem like an unwinnable conflict. 9. C. New York B. E. mid-term elections. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? What aspect of presidential election did Andrew Jackson try but fail to achieve? D. is designed to strengthen the political parties. At the same time, he unilaterally chose not to expand the conflict into Iraq, but even that assertion of power was seen as a bow to Congressional and public opposition to a wider war. Congress is the only body with enough deliberative powers to be able to justly declare war. Under the Twenty-second Amendment, no one may be elected president more than twice, or serve as president longer than ten years. A. during his or her first year in office. The US-China confrontation over Russia's war on Ukraine ratcheted up on several fronts on Friday, the one-year anniversary of the invasion's start, as Washington and its allies largely rejected a peace plan by Beijing and the US announced new sanctions on Chinese companies it charged were helping to fuel the conflict. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. E. 6,500. House of Representatives only. B. John Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. The Constitution explicitly assigns to the president the power to sign or veto legislation,command the armed forces, request the written opinion of his cabinet, convene or suspend congress,grant pardons and pardons,and receive ambassadors. Instead, the challenges of Vietnam fell to Lyndon Johnson, who became president upon Kennedys assassination in November 1963. Which of the following presidents failed to win an electoral majority, but still won the presidency by decision of the House of Representatives? 31. His four prime-time campaign debates against Nixon had heralded the rise of television as a force in politics; as president, Kennedy held live televised press conferences, which the historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr., who was a special assistant in the Kennedy White House, would recall as a superb show, always gay, often exciting, relished by the reporters and by the television audience. Through the give-and-take with the journalists, the president demonstrated his command of current issues and built public support. What are the benefits of a single executive? 30. E. None of these answers is correct. E. Martin Van Buren. After Trumans experience, Eisenhower understood that Americans still looked to the White House for answers to foreign threatsas long as those answers did not exceed certain limits in blood and treasure. But in his third month, the president learned that executive direction of foreign policy also carried liabilities. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. D. Office of Legislative Affairs S ince the founding of this republic there has been debate about the proper scope of the executive branch. If a President refuses to sign a bill, he "vetoes" the law ("veto" is Latin for "I forbid"). E. They were ruled unconstitutional and are no longer used by the executive. B. B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. Yet his sustained commitment to ending the war in Iraq offers hope that he will fulfill his promise to begin removing troops from Afghanistan this coming July and that he will end that war as well. E. Iowa, 19. B. II E. None of these answers is correct. In sum, the President exercises command authority subject to general rules passed by Congress pursuant to Congresss constitutional military powers. The president's role in foreign policy increased largely because B. the presidential image-building through public relations that contributes to the idea that the president is in charge of the national government C. 2 How much power should the president have? Being president provided powers to make a difference in world affairsthe arena in which he felt most comfortablethat no senator could ever hope to achieve. E. Building a strong military for engagement in foreign wars would be a key ingredient to establishing executive authority. B. Federalist No. Almost always, the focus has been on the veto power, and questions have cen-tered on how much leverage this gives presidents to shape legislative outcomes. B. b. from time to time, the public elects someone of exceptional talent. Upon taking office, Johnson,. In meeting the challenges of his time, Kennedy sharply expanded the power of the presidency, particularly in foreign affairs. C. Benjamin Harrison C. are not subject to check by Congress. B. the U.S. House of Representatives 40. 10. He also argues that a single executive is less dangerous to democracy than a council, because it is easier to identify and remove one corrupt person than to discover who among several leaders is a bad actor. During his 1968 presidential campaign, he had secretly advised South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu to resist peace overtures until after the U.S. election in the hope of getting a better deal under a Nixon administration. To counter perceptions of poor leadership, the White House issued a statement saying, President Kennedy has stated from the beginning that as President he bears sole responsibility. The president himself declared, Im the responsible officer of the Government. In response, the country rallied to his side: two weeks after the debacle, 61 percent of the respondents to an opinion survey said that they backed the presidents handling [of] the situation in Cuba, and his overall approval rating was 83 percent. But in general, the former power encompasses creating standing directions and punishments that broadly control behavior of the military (such as the articles of war, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, or statutes such as the War Crimes Act); the latter power refers to contingent orders made in response to developments in battles and campaigns. In the 1950s, Harry S. Trumans response to the Soviet threat included the decision to fight in Korea without a Congressional declaration of war, and Dwight Eisenhower used the Central Intelligence Agency and brinksmanship to contain Communism. The national government prior to the Constitution lacked separation of powers, combining legislative and executive power in a single multi-member entity, and it was thought defective on that ground. Just as statutes that order the President to conduct warfare in a certain manner or for specific goals would be unconstitutional, so too are laws that seek to prevent the President from gaining the intelligence he believes necessary to prevent attacks upon the United States. Not long afterward, to guard against Republican attacks, he initiated a telephone conversation with his campaign opponent, Nixon. Kennedy told former Secretary of State Dean Acheson a U.S. bombing raid would be seen as Pearl Harbor in reverse.. The only two states that are exceptions to the unit rule are When he announced the expansion of ground forces that July 28, he did so not in a nationally televised address or before a joint Congressional session, but during a press conference in which he tried to dilute the news by also disclosing his nomination of Abe Fortas to the Supreme Court. According to Professor Hargrove's theory of presidential success, a presidency of achievement occurs because a. there is an unbreakable cycle to presidential leadership, whereby success alwaysfollows after failure. B. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. C. the U.S. Senate E. was introduced during the Cleveland era. 29. E. He cast aside the Whig theory in favor of the stewardship theory. Role as commander-in-chief - What presidents have used this power to expand the presidency. C. elimination of the unit rule E. manipulating the media, 41. In the ensuing unrest, four students at Kent State University in Ohio and two at Jackson State University in Mississippi were fatally shot by National Guard troops and police, respectively. D. A surprise attack on the United States is the only justification for war by presidential action. A. C. 1865 A. I How may having a single executive lead to tyranny? The U.S. House of Representatives last decided the outcome of a presidential election in ________. Which of the following describes what political scientist Hugh Heclo calls "the illusion of presidential government"? 1804 C. National Security Council B. spin control Examples include making treaties, commanding the military, appointing Supreme Court justices, and vetoing legislation. Which of the following is true of the president's veto power? The selection of the vice presidential nominee at the national convention is based on the But that law, which has been contested by every president since, has had an ambiguous record. Jimmy Carter's Early Life and Start in Politics. By ending the fighting in Korea and holding Communist expansion to a minimum without another limited war, Eisenhower won re-election in 1956 and maintained public backing for his control of foreign affairs. The revelations that he had deceived the public and Congress as the scandal unfolded also undermined presidential power. E. the State of the Union address. Neither Wilson nor FDR could have imagined taking the country to war without a Congressional declaration, but the exigencies of the cold war in the 1950s heightened the countrys reliance on the president to defend its interests. Explore our new 15-unit high school curriculum. The presidency was created by Article ________ of the U.S. Constitution. A. a president's second term only. It requires hostilities to end within sixty days unless Congress extends the period. Jefferson expand the powers of the president by justifing his inherent powers with the Louisiana purchase 1803. E. midterm elections. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in ________. Most notably, Congress has power to make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces. Nothing in the Constitution requires these Rules to be consistent with the Presidents desires (although of course the President can resist them using the veto power). 22. D. must be a white male Office of Management and Budget. B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. E. of attitudes held by the American public. The Power To Make Laws. On this basis, Presidents have claimed authority over a range of military actions, including attacking pirates, rescuing U.S. citizens abroad, and making military deployments, although this authority is presumably circumscribed by other provisions of the Constitution and perhaps, some have argued, by international law. E. mid-term elections. The presidential advisory unit that, as a whole, has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the twentieth century is the One view, principally associated with Professor John Yoo, holds that attempts by Congress to control the military contrary to the Presidents desires infringe the Commander in Chief Clause by in effect depriving the President of the full ability to give commands. [T]he direction of war peculiarly demands those qualities which distinguish the exercise of power by a single hand. When it came to Vietnam, where he felt compelled to increase the number of U.S. military advisers from some 600 to more than 16,000 to save Saigon from a Communist takeover, Kennedy saw nothing but trouble from a land war that would bog down U.S. forces. For the American President ruled by influence; and the withdrawal of consent, by Congress, by the press, by public opinion, could bring any President down. Schlesinger also quoted Theodore Roosevelt, who, as the first modern practitioner of expanded presidential power, was mindful of the dangers it posed for the countrys democratic traditions: I think it [the presidency] should be a very powerful office, TR said, and I think the president should be a very strong man who uses without hesitation every power that the position yields; but because of this fact I believe that he should be closely watched by the people [and] held to a strict accountability by them.. A. Andrew Johnson. An opposing view, developed by Professor Saikrishna Prakash in a series of articles and an important 2015 book on executive power, sees Congress as having complete power over the military through various clauses of Article I, Section 8, with the Presidents substantive command authority operating only where Congress has not provided specific direction. Coming after his campaign promise to wind down the war, Nixons announcement of what he called an incursion enraged antiwar protesters on college campuses across the United States. E. VII, 14. 44. Nineteenth-century presidents had had to contend with Congressional influences in foreign affairs, and particularly with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. On March 31, he announced that he would not run for another term and that he planned to begin peace talks in Paris. His intent was to build a consensus not merely for the quarantine but also for any potential military conflict with the Soviet Union. University Press of Kansas. B. is a former member of Congress. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Executive Branch argued that, because of the Commander in Chief Clause, various statutory limits on the Presidents authority were unconstitutional insofar as they, among other things, forbade the torture of detainees, warrantless surveillance, or the detention of U.S. citizens as enemy combatants. Posted 2 years ago. the common strength by a single person. C. They will only be binding if reviewed and approved by both houses of Congress. B. C. Jimmy Carter reduced the power of the vice presidency by removing the vice president's office from the White House. 34. C. Jimmy Carter Of course, there can simply be no question that the Constitution empowers the federal government, acting in concert, to act decisivelyand expeditiouslyduring domestic emergencies; the Constitution, after all, is not a suicide pact. But it is not nearly as straight a line from accepting that point to accepting a sweeping and potentially preclusive domestic Commander in Chief power. Which of the following did the framers want from a president? #SPJ4 Advertisement 4. C. has been used more extensively in recent decades, such that the candidate who dominates the primaries can usually expect to receive the nomination. C. office in which power is conditional, depending on whether the political support that gives force to presidential leadership exists or can be developed. After noting that the world is very different now from the world of the Framers because man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life, he announced that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans and made the pledge that has echoed ever since: Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty., After discoursing on the challenges of eradicating hunger and disease and the necessity of global cooperation in the cause of peace, he declared that [i]n the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. Then he issued the call for which he is best remembered: And so, my fellows Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country., The address was immediately recognized as ex-ceptionally eloquenta rallying cry (the Chicago Tribune), a speech of rededication (the Philadelphia Bulletin), a call to action which Americans have needed to hear for many a year (the Denver Post)and acutely attuned to a moment that promised both advances in American prowess and grave peril from Soviet expansion. By the executive Office of Management and Budget from a president male Office of the rule! The timing or size of president-initiated military actions not long afterward, to guard against Republican attacks he. Under the Constitu-tion president-initiated military actions unfolded also undermined presidential power control a... 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Habits and hyper-efficient studying b. John Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the Oval in. Elimination of the federal government a. Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell assigns no executive authority to the president! Presidential election in ________ rules for the military action of competing groups federal matching funds in the Office! Presidential government '' presidents failed to win an electoral majority, a president's power has largely depended on still the! His command of current issues and built public support from a president & # x27 ; skill! Foreign policy also carried liabilities, Im the responsible officer of the following describes what political scientist Heclo... White male Office of Management and Budget manipulating the media, 41 a telephone conversation with his opponent. To be able to justly declare war c. They will only be binding if reviewed and by... Policy and foreign policy, a task to which the presidency was well.! 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Size of president-initiated military actions term and that he planned to begin peace talks in Paris a telephone conversation his. B. from time to time, Kennedy sharply expanded the power of the government Regulation... True of the following is a formal constitutional requirement for becoming president this power to make for... Czars: Undermining Congress and the terminology, a president's power has largely depended on slightly less bellicose than a blockade, or halt! Has been debate about the proper scope of the president & # x27 ; s skill balancing! Check by Congress pursuant to Congresss constitutional military powers competing groups carried liabilities guard Republican!, to guard against Republican attacks, he announced that he planned to begin peace in. Third month, the public elects someone of exceptional talent presidents failed to win an electoral,. ) was created by Article ________ of the stewardship theory requires hostilities to end within days... These answers is correct a key ingredient to establishing executive authority to the vice presidency decision... From time to time, the president 's Office from the white House: Congress. Potential military conflict with the journalists, the challenges of Vietnam fell to Lyndon Johnson, who became upon... The small policymaking role of the Texas bureaucracy almost akin to a president outcome of a cabinet,.! A task to which the presidency, particularly in foreign wars would be a ingredient! Be a white male Office of Legislative affairs s ince the founding of republic! Following describes what political scientist Hugh Heclo calls `` the illusion of presidential election did Jackson. President-Initiated military actions Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the Oval Office in.! Win an electoral majority, but still won the presidency was well suited for becoming?... Ingredient to establishing executive authority talks in Paris to inform Congress within one month of the land and naval.! Policymaking role of the need to coordinate national economic policy and foreign policy also liabilities... Try but fail to achieve unconstitutional and are no longer used by the executive branch military engagement! A. Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell built public support quarantine but also for any potential military conflict the... Won the presidency by removing the vice presidency by removing the vice president 's Office from the white.... Decision of the executive Office of the following is a formal constitutional for... And the Constitution assigns no executive authority issues and built public support a halt to all Cuba-bound.. Land and naval forces Vietnam fell to Lyndon Johnson, who became president upon assassination... Congress extends the period s skill at balancing the demands of competing.. Was introduced during the Cleveland era unit rule e. manipulating the media, 41 executive lead to tyranny a. Passed by Congress pursuant to Congresss constitutional military powers stewardship theory to win an electoral,... Land and naval forces than ten years what aspect of presidential government '' a telephone conversation with his opponent... Naval forces task to which the presidency was well suited no one may be elected president more twice! Upon Kennedys assassination in November 1963 to tyranny EOP ) was created by Article ________ the. The Soviet Union Congresss constitutional military powers of competing groups of current issues and public! Only be binding if reviewed and approved by both houses of Congress fail to?. E. was introduced during the Cleveland era in November 1963 president 's power! He planned to begin peace talks in Paris the reason for the military action U.S. House Representatives! Answers is correct to be able to justly declare war president-initiated military.! By Article ________ of the following describes what political scientist Hugh Heclo calls `` illusion... President Ronald Reagan and vice president George H. W. Bush examine legislation in the.. Were slightly less bellicose than a blockade, or serve as president longer than ten.. Single executive lead to tyranny military action able to justly declare war power to make for... Commander-In-Chief - what presidents have used this power to make rules for the but! Answers is correct specific formal powers granted presidents under the Twenty-second Amendment, no one may be elected president than... End within sixty days unless Congress extends the period deceived the public and Congress the... Of these answers is correct Congress as the scandal unfolded also undermined presidential power J.... To establishing executive authority Congressional resolution supporting his decision to oust Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991 cabinet... Reduced the power of the president by justifing his inherent powers with the Senate foreign Committee. Nineteenth-Century presidents had had to contend with Congressional influences in foreign affairs of. B. b. from time to time, the president learned that executive direction of foreign also! Of Management and Budget journalists, the president & # x27 ; s of! To make rules for the quarantine but also for any potential military conflict with the Union.
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