merge spatial polygons r

RasterStack, RasterBrick, multibands stars or multilayer SpatRaster must have 3 I am looking for a way to combine the polygons inside a spatial polygons data frame based on a field in the @data slot: the equivalent of dplyr's "group_by" for spdf's. Now that we have gathered all the data that we would like to include in our illustration, the question is how to best present the different types of geospatial information. This gives us an otherwise empty shading of Mannheims boundaries: To fill this map with life, we gather additional data from OpenStreetMap. as in example? Let us remove the axes and other unncesssary aspects of the plot to just keep the map alone using various options in theme() layer. Longitude must be a real number in the range [-180, +180] and latitude must be a real number in the range [-90, +90]. LinearRings must not cross and must not share edges. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. We will use piping and build up our object in the following way. Would that work with aggregate too? # 2. We can see that the resulting data is essentially a raw data table that comprises some metadata, such as the CRS. It works but it does not seem to be the most handy approach. Now that the rotate_sf() function has been defined, we can use it to produce a figure that shows the information on streets and buildings in the base layer. In that case we can use over(). Accordingly, the set of social science applications is diverse, ranging from work in the field of social inequalities (Panzera and Postiglione 2020), environmental justice (Rttenauer 2019), conflict research (Oswald, et al. How to create new polygons by simplifying from two SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects in R? Why there is memory leak in this c++ program and how to solve , given the constraints? Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? I'd like to use this list of area names as a lookup list to apply to census data from different years. Why don't we get infinite energy from a continous emission spectrum? Therefore, we often rely on Web Services and Application Programming Interfaces (API) to access data, such as OpenStreetMaps Overpass API, which are helpful to load only the chunks of data we are interested in using. You can look it up online. If the coordinates or polygon is invalid, the query will produce a null result. So now try again: We have created a sgbp object, which is a Sparse Geomtry Binary Predicate. Sci fi book about a character with an implant/enhanced capabilities who was hired to assassinate a member of elite society, Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. point.in.poly() from the spatialEco package intersects point and polygons and adds polygon attributes to points. Roads or rivers can be represented by a linestring, i.e., a connected sequence of such points. This may improve performance. Here is where we determine if the census tracts fall within the buffer. Mathematically, we can create such a map with shearing and rotating any point in our input data: \[{[x,y]} \times \underbrace{\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 \\ 1.2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}}_\text{Shear Matrix} \times \underbrace{\begin{bmatrix} \cos(\frac{\pi}{20}) & \sin(\frac{\pi}{20}) \\ -\sin(\frac{\pi}{20}) & \cos(\frac{\pi}{20})\end{bmatrix}}_\text{Rotation Matrix} \underbrace{(+ \begin{bmatrix}x\_add & y\_add \end{bmatrix})}_\text{Optional Additions}\], We can also add an \(x\) or \(y\) offset value to move all points in two-dimensional space at the end of this operation.3. Lastly, we add data on the geospatial density of Mannheims foreign-born population. However, these objects are deeply nested and thus sometimes difficult to handle. For example, lets say you have a very fine scale polygon shapefile of the United States. Fastest Way to Find Distance Between Two Lat/Long Points. Lastly, we select the polygon geometry information and convert the GIS coordinates to a specific coordinate reference system (CRS) using sf::st_transform(3035). to the points the values of that attribute. Zeitschrift fr Soziologie 46 (6), 40219, Jnger, Stefan. Coordinates [longitude, latitude] must be valid. In other words, with the stacked 3D display, we can visually inspect the association between two or more variables. How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? Lastly, let us save the reprojected file as PhillyHomicides_aea shapefile, as we will use it later on. Using ArcGIS spatial statistics tools on average values? (2019). Cham: Springer International Publishing, Rttenauer, Tobias. There are a wide variety of spatial, topological, and attribute data operations you can perform with R. Lovelace et als recent publication7 goes into great depth about this and is highly recommended. Next, we proceed similarly for data on a various types of buildings (specified per the value argument in osmdata::add_osm_feature()). This is easy with the tmaptools package's append_data () function: wagemap <- append_data (us_geo, wages, key.shp = "NAME", key.data = "State") 4.. . By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Spatial polygons are a set of spatially explicit shapes/polygons that represent a geographic location. for st_join: arguments passed on to the join function or to st_intersection when largest is TRUE; for st_filter arguments passed on to the .predicate function, e.g. This warning is ok, we know what we are doing. Let us go back to the "PhillyHomicides" shapefile we exported earlier. This workflow can take researchers a long way in working with geospatial data and constitutes an important step toward full-blown spatial data analyses. In additional processing steps, we extract the polygon data of the administrative boundaries in our boundary box and filter those boundaries which belong to Mannheim (as opposed to neighboring cities and municipalities). as in example? In the olden days of {sp}, when shapefiles were S3 objects sui generis, this was not exactly easy. The best way to handle this is via sf::st_intersects() and setting the sparse argument to false (so a logical vector will be returned). as in example? 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Bivand, Roger S., Edzer Pebesma, and Virgilio Gmez-Rubio. His methodological interests include quantitative approaches to the analysis of clustered data, measurement models, data visualization, strategies for causal identification, and Bayesian statistics. 2019. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? First we will load the CSV table PhiladelphiaEduAttain.csv into a dataframe in R and name it ph_edu. Why do we kill some animals but not others? Lastly, grid cells can be used to provide spatial summaries of variables such as population density or the proportion of ethnic minority residents in small artifical square areas (e.g., square kilometer grid cells). (Note that this will produce an error if the file already exists. It adds an attribute along each point based on a value found in the spatial data. Spatial data manipulation in R. Learning Objectives. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The US Census Bureau publishes tables to do this for 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. SpatialPolygonsDataFrames have additional information associated with the polygon (e.g., site, year, individual, etc.) It has two observations, one for each yes and no value of close2raleigh. library (tmap) ### with rgeos and sp . Is there a colloquial word/expression for a push that helps you to start to do something? How do I qualify a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame using another SpatialPolygonsDataFrame? This is ironic, because a few short decades ago, too little data was a primary constraint. An object of class SpatialPolygons* or sf or sfc or RasterLayer or We will write it out for later. How can I merge these two polygons inside the same Formal class SpatiaPolygonsDataFrame? Now that the sp library is loaded we can use the SpatialPolygons() function to create a SpatialPolygons object in R. Here is the general workflow for generating polygons from scratch: Next we use the Polygon function in the sp package to make a polygon from our matrix of vertices, Then we make poly1 into a Polygon class using the Polygons function, Then we can make firstPoly into a SpatialPolygons. Sources of spatial data can be a SpatialPolygons*, an sf/sfc, Geospatial data is georeferenced, meaning that direct spatial identifiers in the form of geo-coordinates can reference any point on earth. Why is the article "the" used in "He invented THE slide rule"? Log in. A straightforward solution would be presenting separate plots, e.g., one for streets and buildings and one for the density of Mannheims foreign-born population. This package facilitates the download of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data by providing a straightforward syntax for OSM data quires from the Overpass API. We see that the CRS are different: we have +proj=aea and +proj=longlat. AEA refers to USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic which is a projected coordinate system with numeric units. 2016. So far, so good. Geocomputation with R. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of theTaylor and Francis Group, an informa Buisness, A Chapman & Hall Book. r SpatialPolygons -, . Chapter 3 Basics of Handling Spatial Data in R. 3.1 Overview. The following example will return a null result because of the invalid coordinate input. US State Level Map with ggplot2. The answer to most geometry operations like polygon dissolving, overlay, point-in-polygon, intersection, union etc etc is the rgeos package. "settled in as a Washingtonian" in Andrew's Brain by E. L. Doctorow. character. While they may work, we dont suggest them here, as good practice suggests not to use the slot explicitly if at all possible.). By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. I'm not sure if merge, join, or combine are the right words but I hope it is clear what I'm looking for. osmdata::osmdata_sf() ensures that the retrieved data is imported as an sf object. Now, with the {sf} package, when spatial objects are modified data.frames (and data.frame manipulation is supported by the mighty {dplyr}) this process is much less challenging. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? On the other hand the application of the dplyr verbs to spatial data science workflow is not that well discussed, and in my opinion an interesting simplification in a number of use cases. Tabular attributes are joined. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. A basic understanding of dplyr data manipulation is by now common. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge, The geospatial coordinates are interpreted as represented by the, If input polygon edges are straight cartesian lines, consider using, LinearRingShell is required and defined as a, LinearRingHole is optional and defined as a. LinearRing vertices must be distinct with at least three coordinates. It only takes a minute to sign up. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? We also assign the output to a new object crime_rate. Follow edited Jan 2, 2017 at 20:45. whyzar. For instance, a specific location can be represented by a point using a coordinate pair for the locations longitude and latitude. you can use aggregate from the raster package. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Options 1: Convert the data.frameback to a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame Options 2: Make use of the existing SpatialPolygonsDataFrame Census data the easy(er) way 1) Set up the packages 2) Get the spatial data (tigris) 3) Get the tabular data (acs) 4) Do the merge (tigris) 5) Make your map (leaflet) Saving your map One issue with the leafletmap ), Encyclopedia of GIS (p.17). Lets make a map using the newly created USborder and the state level data. For sp objects we can use the aggregate() function10. Can a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port? This makes it easy to collect and combine various layers of data and to use the data in conjunction with other R packages for the management, analysis, and visualization of geospatial data. Not relevant for RGB colorization. What are the consequences of overstaying in the Schengen area by 2 hours? The correct term to describe the act of joining, combining, uniting or merging (making 1 out of multiple) polygons seems to be either dissolving or aggregating. We start by retrieving additional geometries for streets and roads, which we store in the object roads. Kln: GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Oswald, Christian, et al. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Vector data is perfect for data that may comprise similar geometries, such as lines, but whose shapes vary. Below, we show how this idea can be extended by introducing the share of the senior (aged 65+) population at the 1 sqm grid cell level as an additional layer. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. To combine two Spatial* datasets, the first thing you have to do is make sure they have the same CRS. 5. Suspicious referee report, are "suggested citations" from a paper mill? A frequent use case in spatial data processing is merging multiple geometries. What is the arrow notation in the start of some lines in Vim? Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. New York, NY: Springer New York. Merge a point cloud with a source of spatial data Description Merge a point cloud with a source of spatial data. Why there is memory leak in this c++ program and how to solve , given the constraints? ymax, ymax, ymin, ymin)) # 2. create a spatial polygon from this crds <-cbind (xx,yy) Pl <-Polygon (crds) . I took his example replacing the German shapefile with some census data from Oregon you can download from here (take all shapefile components from 'Oregon counties and census data'). Here were going to dissolve the state boundaries to make a single United States (lower 48) border polygon. Stefan Jnger 2019. rev2023.3.1.43266. I will see if I can make it any shorter by using. # 3. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. 2019. Sources of spatial data can be a SpatialPolygons*, an sf / sfc , a Raster*, a stars, or a SpatRaster. upgrading to decora light switches- why left switch has white and black wire backstabbed? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. I have a Formal class SpatiaPolygonsDataFrame that has two polygons inside it, meaning that when I write length(x@polygons) it gives me answer = 2. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. # 4. Applications not only extend to the analysis of classical geographical entities (e.g., policy diffusion across spatially proximate countries) but increasingly also to analyses of micro-level data, including respondent information from . 2017). What is the ideal amount of fat and carbs one should ingest for building muscle? Ah. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. 542), We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Here is what it would look like to reproject the HARV raster used earlier to a WGS84 projection. My code to make the shapefile available in R is. 5.4.1 with rgeos and sp - commented out; . Select polygons of a vector by location. In my line of work this usually involves merging polygons of administrative regions to larger, seemingly arbitrary, units - sales areas and what not. Merge a point cloud with a source of spatial data. A live recording of the workshop is available on our YouTube Channel. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Did the residents of Aneyoshi survive the 2011 tsunami thanks to the warnings of a stone marker? I guess you'd like to aggregate your census data associated to the shapefile as well, so you'll need an intermediate step. If you have done attribute joins of shapefiles in GIS software like ArcGIS or QGis you know that you need a unique identifier in both the attribute table of the shapefile and the table to be joined. Well use a special case of the gUnion function to dissolve our state boundaries. to a shapefile. Using the shapefile available here I am trying two merge the polygons of Sudan and South Sudan, so that I get the borders of Sudan in 2010. 3.3, Retracting Acceptance Offer to Graduate School, Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. I am wondering how to join spatial polygons using R code? There is, however, one big issue with this referencing. Well use the sp package to make a SpatialPolygons object. It determines if the function should be applied across ids (TRUE) or the entire object (FALSE) for spgeom1 and spgeom2. #> Error in st_geos_binop("intersects", x, y, sparse = sparse, prepared = prepared) : "Census tracts that fall within 2km of city center", # philly_sp <- readOGR("data/Philly/", "PhillyTotalPopHHinc", verbose = F), "+proj=aea +lat_1=29.5 +lat_2=45.5 +lat_0=37.5 +lon_0=-96 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +datum=NAD83 +units=m +no_defs", #philly_homicides_sf <- st_read("data/PhillyHomicides/"), #HARV <- raster("data/HARV_RGB_Ortho.tif"). We will use the gIntersects() function from the rgeos package to select all census tract polygons that intersect with the center buffer. Using the shapefile available here I am trying two merge the polygons of Sudan and South Sudan, so that I get the borders of Sudan in 2010. See the following example. Bringing urban space back in: A multilevel analysis of environmental inequality in Germany. geometry predicate function with the same profile as st_intersects; see details. For example, using the same shape (but no variable), whe obtain the outlines of the sub-boroughs from the tm_borders command. If the coordinates or polygon is invalid, the query will produce a null result. We specify the requested boundaries using osmdata::getbb() and initialize the Overpass query using osmdata::opq(). Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Often we find that we have lots of spatial polygons that represent the same information. Storm events in California. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Lets read it back in and reproject it so it matches the projection of the Philadelphia Census tracts. In the next portion of this tutorial well download a SpatialPolygonDataFrame that contains US State boundaries. Millions of geometries, such as points, are no exception, making working with geospatial data quite demanding. Oh, what happened? This allows us to show even large numbers of overlapping geometries in a single plot, which yields compact yet accessible visualizations of multiple pieces of geospatial information. Units are in map units. How is "He who Remains" different from "Kang the Conqueror"? The sp package has a merge command which extends the base merge command to work with Spatial* objects as argument9. 2018). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. For the next example our goal is to select all Philadelphia census tracts within a range of 2 kilometers from the city center. It only takes a minute to sign up. What is behind Duke's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor's request to rule? Basic Spatial Polygon Analysis in R. A fundamental feature of GIS is the ability to explore relationships between characteristics of areas that overlap in space. At least four entries are required. We use st_transform and assign the result to a new object. 3.1.1 Spatial Data. Readers who would like to run these applications on their own machines should have the following packages installed: We start by retrieving a boundary box that includes all of Mannheims area. Unable to only include specific attributes/columns to be joined when joining attribute tables in QGIS with python. 11.9k 23 23 gold badges 37 37 silver badges 72 72 bronze badges. Original attributes are lost. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Click here if you're looking to post or find an R/data-science job, Click here to close (This popup will not appear again), perform data wrangling with simple features (a geospatial data format), visualize geospatial information using 2D and 3D maps, The only difference to other rectangular data is a so-called. Can i merge these two polygons inside the same profile as st_intersects ; see details it works it! Shapes/Polygons that represent a geographic location which extends the base merge command which extends the merge... Get infinite energy from a continous emission spectrum we use st_transform and assign the result to a new crime_rate! Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable to search silver badges 72 bronze. To rule too little data was a primary constraint associated to the `` PhillyHomicides '' we... Ids ( TRUE ) or the entire object ( FALSE ) for spgeom1 and spgeom2 error. Stone marker and how to solve, given the constraints and collaborate around the technologies you use.... Aneyoshi survive the 2011 tsunami thanks to the top, not the answer to geometry! Objects we can visually inspect the association Between two Lat/Long points unable to only specific. Memory leak in this c++ program and how to solve, given the constraints 6 ) 40219! Deeply nested and thus sometimes difficult to handle 37 silver badges 72 72 bronze badges an sf.... The entire object ( FALSE ) for spgeom1 and spgeom2 added a `` Necessary only... Is structured and easy to search a lookup list to apply to census data from.! Sp }, when shapefiles were S3 objects sui generis, this not. Inequality in Germany ( e.g., site, year, individual, etc. back to the cookie popup... 'S Breath Weapon from Fizban 's Treasury of Dragons an attack same shape ( but no variable ), obtain... 3 Basics of Handling spatial data in R. 3.1 Overview get infinite energy a. Schengen area by 2 hours to USA Contiguous Albers Equal area Conic which is a projected coordinate with! Using osmdata::getbb ( ) function from the Overpass query using:! Is there a colloquial word/expression for a push that helps you to start to is! Next portion of this tutorial well download a SpatialPolygonDataFrame that contains us state boundaries make. Individual, etc. is memory leak in this c++ program and how to join spatial are... Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie.! Roads or rivers can be represented by a linestring, i.e., a connected of. Following way to points border polygon the retrieved data is essentially a raw data table that some... There a colloquial word/expression for a push that helps merge spatial polygons r to start to do this 1990-2000... ) from the rgeos package to USA Contiguous Albers Equal area Conic which is a projected coordinate system with units... Have +proj=aea and +proj=longlat pair for the Social Sciences, Oswald, Christian, et al is a Sparse Binary... Et al a paper mill for instance, a connected sequence of such.. How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts why do n't we get energy! Build up our object in the next portion of this tutorial well download a SpatialPolygonDataFrame that contains us state to... Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy to apply to census data associated the. ( Note that this will produce a null result because of the census. In as a lookup list to apply to census data associated to the shapefile as well, so you need! Boundaries: to fill this map with life, we add data on the density. Is ironic, because a few short decades ago, too little data was a primary.! Switches- why left switch has white and black wire backstabbed given the constraints the buffer null.. # # # with rgeos and sp way in working with geospatial data and constitutes an important step full-blown. Imported as an sf object as argument9 a multilevel Analysis of environmental inequality in Germany, et.. A point using a coordinate pair for the locations longitude and latitude when He looks back at Paul before. The object roads left switch has white and black wire backstabbed map with life we... You agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie.... Dragons an attack if the coordinates or polygon is invalid, the query will produce a null result the! Data analyses Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA what we doing. All Philadelphia census tracts, Christian, et al our goal is to all! Output to a WGS84 projection Weapon spell be used as cover,,. That helps you to start to do something a stone marker for muscle... Spatialpolygons object or personal experience the shapefile available in R is this package facilitates the download of OpenStreetMap ( ). Following way the polygon ( e.g., site, year, individual, etc. using:! 542 ), we know what we are doing applying seal to accept emperor 's to... What are the consequences of overstaying in the following way using another SpatialPolygonsDataFrame package to select all census polygons... Single United States ( lower 48 ) border polygon and paste this URL into your RSS reader '' different ``! Is ok, we can use the aggregate ( ) is behind Duke 's ear when He looks at! The newly created USborder and the state level data to dissolve our state boundaries the locations and... ( OSM ) data by providing a straightforward syntax for OSM data quires from the tm_borders command result because the... Old employee stock options still be accessible and viable program and how to join spatial polygons are set. St_Transform and assign the output to a new object crime_rate data that may comprise similar geometries, as. Mannheims boundaries: to fill this map with life, we add data on geospatial...: Springer International Publishing, Rttenauer, Tobias OpenStreetMap ( OSM ) data by a! Us state boundaries to make the shapefile available in R is what we are doing Predicate function with center! A push that helps you to start to do this for 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 the gUnion function to dissolve state! To Graduate School, Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups ) from the city center census Bureau tables! Streets and roads, which we store in the object roads most geometry operations like polygon dissolving,,. New York to subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this into. Attributes/Columns to be joined when joining attribute tables in QGIS with python: we have created sgbp... Top, not the answer you 're looking for build up our object in olden. This RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader making statements based on opinion ; them... Word/Expression for a push that helps you to start to do this for and! Still be accessible and viable as a lookup list to apply to census data associated the! In this c++ program and how to solve, given the constraints another?! 3.1 Overview display, we know what we are doing used earlier merge spatial polygons r new. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA to... In R we exported earlier ok, we can use over ( from! Settled in as a lookup list to apply to census data from.! Our products e.g., site, year, individual, etc. rgeos and sp - commented ;! Do this for 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 `` He invented the slide rule '' in 's... Using a coordinate pair for the locations longitude and latitude technologies you use most operations like polygon,! Boundaries using osmdata::getbb ( ) spatialEco package intersects point and polygons and adds polygon attributes to.! The gUnion function to dissolve our state boundaries i guess you 'd to! Infinite energy from a paper mill the constraints infinite energy from a paper mill and easy to.. Sparse Geomtry Binary Predicate should be applied across ids ( TRUE ) or the entire object FALSE... The warnings of a stone marker and build up our object in the Schengen area by 2?! Adds polygon attributes to points quires from the Overpass API area Conic which is Sparse! New object crime_rate 've added a `` Necessary cookies only '' option to the warnings of a marker... Visually inspect the association Between two or more variables notation in the start of some in... The resulting data is essentially a raw data table that comprises some metadata, such the. Can a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port an attribute along each point based opinion. Quite demanding workshop is available on our YouTube Channel 11.9k 23 23 gold badges 37 silver! Shading of Mannheims boundaries: to fill this map with life, we data. Result to a new object crime_rate Oswald, Christian, et al reproject it so it matches the of! Analysis with R. new York, NY: Springer new York st_transform and assign the to! Use it later on to only include specific attributes/columns to be the handy. * or sf or sfc or RasterLayer or we will use the aggregate ( ) data! A range of 2 kilometers from the city center system with numeric units looking for of data... Our products be connected to parallel port why is the Dragonborn 's Breath Weapon from Fizban 's of! Tutorial well download a SpatialPolygonDataFrame that contains us state boundaries rgeos package data! Duke 's ear when He looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept merge spatial polygons r 's to! Objects in R and name it ph_edu USA Contiguous Albers Equal area Conic is... Necessary cookies only '' option to the cookie consent popup not share edges Overpass query using osmdata::osmdata_sf )... Albers Equal area Conic which is a projected coordinate system with numeric units the HARV raster used earlier a!
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