roswell police chief resigns

Roswell, GA. 196. Throughout the fall of 2010, Plaintiff and other Roswell police officers discussed the vacant Police Chief position and the candidates who had applied for the job. Complaint to the Human Resources Department: January 5, 2011. 52 at 6-7; Doc. 57 at 2; Doc. In a Sept. 17 memo to the citys attorney, police chief and human resources director, City Administrator Gary Palmer wrote that out of CPSM and another finalist, CPSM was best qualified but also the least expensive.. Police Chief Tim Gannon and Officer Kim Potter both resigned from their positions in the Minnesota city of Brooklyn Center after two consecutive nights of rioting and looting in response to the . July 3: The Toronto chapter of Black Lives Matter stages a protest as honoured guests of Pride Toronto, demanding more funding to people of colour events at pride, and removal of police floats in future parades. 52 at 3; Doc. Roswell's Police Chief Rusty Grant announced he will resign at the end of the month, according to an internal email obtained by the 11Alive Investigators and confirmed by the department.. 4. Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. Id. Kim Potter, the police officer in Brooklyn Center, Minn., who fatally shot Daunte Wright on Sunday, has resigned from the Police Department, her union said in a statement on Tuesday. This speech is entirely about internal departmental affairs and workplace frustration, and therefore only on matters of personal interest to Plaintiff. (Doc. Female Death Row Inmate, Kemp questions letting Buckhead leave Atlanta as vote looms, Georgia bill dies that sought to curb gender talk in schools, UGA star Jalen Carter charged with racing in fatal post-title celebration accident, Fuel costs could drive up Georgia Power bills by another 17%, EV fans celebrate Georgia charging bill, but some concerns remain, Residency fights could snare many Georgia voters under new bill. (Doc. (Doc. The court shall grant summary judgment only if "the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Plaintiff testified that she could only vaguely recall "things that were said" about morale, staffing, and shift hours, but could not recount any specific statements that she made or anyone that she spoke to, other than her fellow officers and the police union. Plaintiff complained that she was being singled out and harassed by Defendant Scifres, and that he was creating a hostile work environment. Chief Frank McCall's last day will be Feb. 24, after which, Ferguson. 57 at 2). Therefore, they contend that the speech is not properly characterized as political in nature, or afforded the First Amendment protection as Plaintiff alleges. 52 at 5; Doc. 57 at 2-3; Doc. May 13, 2020 The second-in-command at the Roswell Police Department has resigned amid an internal investigation into allegations she assaulted and belittled a police recruit. The Court has reviewed all of the exhibits attached to the Response, and cannot find any corresponding documents to support Plaintiff's contention, and therefore, does not consider this to be an undisputed fact. WABEs mission is simple: Inform, inspire, reflect andempower our greater Atlantacommunity. (Doc. Koch v. Hutchinson, 847 F.2d 1436, 1445 (10th Cir. These letters purported to express several police officers' preferences for the new Roswell Police Chief. She also discussed her support of Dane Kyser for Chief of Police. The mere existence of some evidence in support of the nonmoving party, however, will not be sufficient for denial of a motion for summary judgment; there must be enough evidence to enable a jury to reasonably find for the nonmoving party on that issue. 52 at 4; Doc. The City Council voted unanimously this week to approve a contract between the city and the Center for Public Safety Management LLC to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the Roswell Police Department. Bradford's . 58-3 at 113:18-115:4). On August 30, 2011, Plaintiff entered into a pre-prosecution diversion program, admitted to the commission of domestic violence, and agreed that the charges would be dismissed upon her completion of the program. Defendant Scifres, who served as the interim Deputy Chief of Police during that time, testified that during that period, the Department was like "a ship without a captain." My daughter was in an accident last night. The content of challenged speech is the "crux of the public concern content inquiry." Plaintiff clarified in her deposition that her only motive in writing the letter was to support Dane Kyser's candidacy for Chief of Police. At this time we arent going to comment as we are still working through the many issues, city administrator Gary Palmer wrote in response to Keefes request for an interview last week. Associated Press 57 at 13). A White police officer who fatally shot a Black man during a traffic stop in Minnesota resigned Tuesday, along with the city's police chief, officials said. The Court must conduct a five-step inquiry in considering a plaintiff's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim, known as the "Garcetti/Pickering" analysis. --------. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO. 57 at 5; Doc. The Tenth Circuit concluded that, because the plaintiff had only alleged mismanagement and inequities, and his principal purpose in writing the letter was to air his personal frustration and express his disappointment over internal office affairs, his speech was not on a matter of public concern. P. 56(c) and Fed. fechar. 52 at 3-4; Doc. Sch. See Hom, 81 F.3d at 969. However, when asked to provide specific information regarding the facts underlying her complaint, she only described events that occurred on January 3, 2011 that involved McFadden. 2000). Plaintiff requested that the Human Resources Department intervene and require Defendant Scifres to immediately cease his offending behavior and attend a session on workplace harassment. The Roswell Police Department was going through "some tough times," because both the Chief of Police and the Deputy Chief of Police had recently resigned from their positions. (Doc. 57 at 4; Doc. Roswell Police Chief Rusty Grant will resign at the end of the month, according to an internal email obtained by 11Alive investigators. Because the Court finds that Plaintiff's letter to Mayor Jurney and Defendant Fry was not on a matter of public concern, Defendants are entitled to summary judgment as to that instance of speech. (Doc. Defendants argued in their Motion that claims against Defendant Kintigh in his personal capacity should be dismissed because Plaintiff has not made any factual allegations that he was personally involved in any adverse employment decision alleged in this case. 52 at 10; Doc. 57 at 2). 57 at 2, 4). 52-1 at 4:6-10) ("They had already brought up the discussion of the new Chief of Police and then I brought up who I was supporting."). The Minnesota police chief who oversaw an officer who fatally shot a Black man during a traffic stop on Sunday has resigned. Please consider becoming a member of WABE today. See Adler, 144 F.3d at 671. The McEvoy Court reasoned that, if a court examines the content and context of the employee's statement, and finds that "the employee's personal interest qua employee predominates over any interest he might have as a member of the general public," then the speech is not on a matter of public concern. Oct. 10, 2014). 52 at 5-6; Doc. No. She testified that she did not initiate conversations with the other officers, and that she was always approached by others to discuss the Police Chief vacancy. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). (Doc. The Court may consider the circumstances surrounding the speech, such as whether the speech was presented in a public forum and the timing of the speech, because such facts provide context for whether a statement is of public concern. Captain Helen Dunkin, commander of Roswells internal affairs office, will take over as interim chief of police on Jan. 1, 2019 according to Chief Grants internal resignation announcement. Baden Police Chief David Christner has worked at the department for 21 years, but on Monday he officially retired. 52 at 3; Doc. Id. An issue is genuine if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could resolve the issue in favor of the nonmoving party. Chief Investigator Brendan Keefe first revealed that a driver was arrested after two officers flipped a coin to decide whether or not she would go to jail. R. Evid. (Doc. 58-3 at 3:6-10). 52-1 at 41:16-42:4). 52 at 14). 52-1 at 21:17-25; Doc. 57 at 2). (Doc. In her letter, Plaintiff also alerted the Mayor Jurney and Defendant Fry to her reprimand by Commander Brown, and alleged that her fellow officers feared retaliation if they voiced any opinion regarding the Police Chief position. Plaintiff's letter was addressed to Mayor Jurney and Defendant Fry in his capacity as the Roswell City Manager. This page is monitored monitored 24/7 and should not be used for reporting emergencies. If you want them to truly do their job with passion and courage, then do right by them, Wilson said. Plaintiff does not allege that any of her speech was calculated to disclose wrongdoing, misconduct, governmental inefficiency, or malfeasance by Defendant Scifres, Commander Brown, or any City of Roswell official. (Doc. In this instance, the subject matter of Plaintiff's speech was that Defendant Scifres distributed an article that offended her, and the stated purpose of Plaintiff's speech was to file a grievance against Defendant Scifres and complain about a hostile work environment. Police Department | Roswell, NM Divisions Join the Force In the Community How Do I Serve and Protect Your Community Interested in joining RPD? However, Plaintiff did admit to expressing dissatisfaction regarding Defendant Scifres' management style, particularly as it affected staffing and morale within the Police Department. 52-1 at 37:2-7). Plaintiff was concerned about who the next Chief of Police would be because she believed that the morale of the Department was low, which impacted the officers' ability to serve the community. The Fulton County District Attorney opened a criminal investigation into the intentional freezing of a 13-year-old boy who was not telling officers the truth. Id. 60). Therefore, the Court will also consider Plaintiff's motive in writing and sending the letter. Thus, the inquiry should focus "on the extent to which the content of the employee speech was calculated to disclose wrongdoing or inefficiency or other malfeasance on the part of governmental officials in the conduct of their official duties." at 2. Robert Cohen Taylor Tiamoyo Harris FERGUSON The city of Ferguson confirmed on Thursday its police chief resigned. 65 at 5). 52-5 at 7:14-19; Doc. Id. (Doc. She also expressed her belief that the Police Department's problems would not improve if Defendant Scifres were selected as Police Chief. (Doc. But its not just pay, its leadership, according to the citys public safety liaison Lee Hills. Defendant Fry does not remember any other instances of officers ever writing letters to the City Manager or Assistant City Manager about who they wanted as the Roswell Chief of Police. She requested that Defendant Scifres immediately cease the offending behavior, and be required to attend a refresher course on harassment in the work place. Last year, the Roswell City Council adopted the Best in Class pay plan, giving a 20% increase to starting police salaries across the board. Chief Conroy already had the cogs and the wheels turning, and just needed a council and mayor to get behind him.. 65 at 3). In February, 2012, Plaintiff was recommended for termination, but chose to resign from the Department instead. (Doc. Roswell's Police Chief Rusty Grant announced he will resign at the end of the month, according to an internal email obtained by the 11Alive Investigators and confirmed by the. 57 at 2, 3; Doc. 1989), respectively). . (Doc. The deputy chief abruptly retired from law enforcement. Roswell hired 36 officers in 2022; of those, 23 had experience at other agencies. (Doc. Plaintiff was unable to identify any other instances of her speech that she contends were protected by the First Amendment and resulted in retaliation against her. The chiefs resignation follows a year-long investigation of the police department by The 11Alive Investigators. 2011); see also Withiam v. Baptist Health Care, 98 F.3d 581, 583 (10th Cir. However, if the speech is a matter of public concern, the Court should proceed to step three and decide whether the employee's interest in commenting on the issue outweighs those of the state as the employer. 65 at 3). Both the police chief and the officer who killed 20-year-old Daunte Wright resigned Tuesday, as protesters gathered for a third night in this Minneapolis suburb. Governor Ellis resigned his office on account of ill-health and handed over the government to Lieutenant-Governor James Wright, who was appointed governor in chief on the 20th of March, 1761. 57 at 6; Doc. 52-1 at 3:8-4:10). The city is just beginning the process of paying an outside vendor $77,000 to conduct a top to bottom review of the police department. The principal ones are sphalerite, boulangerite, bournonite, calcite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, tetrahedrite, and siderite." [Belot, 1978] Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (internal quotations omitted). See Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1203, 1. Leverington, 643 F.3d at 727. 65 at 3). She recounted her meeting with Commander Brown, and acknowledged that she encouraged the other officers to write letters of support for their preferred Police Chief applicant and told them that "change [is] good." 52-5 at 4:4-10; Doc. 65 at 3). 60). Plaintiff initially brought claims against Defendant Kintigh in his individual and official capacities. It is true that political expression has long been afforded the broadest protection by the First Amendment. (Doc. Id. Roswell Police Chief Rusty Grant said he launched an investigation and placed the officers on administrative leave once he became aware of the incident that occurred just over three months. See Borough of Duryea, 131 S. Ct. at 2501. In the following letter to the Lords of the board of trade, Governor Wright commends Noble Jones' services as chief justice of the colony after Mr . 58-3 at 14:18-24). Specifically, Defendants allege that Plaintiff has not shown that her speech touched on matters of public concern. Because they were upset because the morale was at the all time low." More Roswell news:Police Chief Donna Patterson is the boss. Berkowitz is suing over what she says was the unlawful entry into her home by a Roswell police officer. (Doc. Plaintiff filed a complaint with the Human Resources Department on January 28, 2011 against Defendant Scifres and Brad McFadden. Deutsch v. Jordan, 618 F.3d 1093, 1098 (10th Cir. Fortunately, she was not hurt. at 466. 57 at 2, 5; Doc. Matsushita Elec. Chad Cole, assistant superintendent for finance and operations at Roswell Independent School District, has been named by Roswell Mayor Timothy Jennings as his choice as the new city manager. The chief wrote in his email to staff this morning, my decision was based on career opportunities.. 57 at 2). which includes scrutinizing whether the speaker's purpose was to bring an issue to the public's attention or to air a personal grievance." We brought that pay up so that our officers who were here continued to stay and serve our community, he said. It shows a Roswell police K-9 brutally attacking a teenager on Aug. 4, 2016. Id. 57 at 2). In lieu of termination, Plaintiff tendered her resignation from the Roswell Police Department on February 16, 2012. Plaintiff's grievance about McFadden's outburst and social media message was directed to the Human Resources Department, and not the public at large. A citizen's ability to make her own "assessment of a candidate's qualifications for public office is integral to the operation of the system of government" which is protected by the First Amendment. (Doc. 65 at 3). 57 at 11-12). Casetext, Inc. and Casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. (Doc. Defendants argue that Plaintiff's speech did not touch on matters of public concern because her letter was simply a discussion of her preference for her next boss. In former police chief Josh Gibson's resignation letter, which was also shared in a public Facebook post on Wednesday evening, the Kenly officer of 21 years said he could no longer continue with . Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1203. Located in a very diverse region rich in assets, not only geographically (relief, climate), but also economic and human, the Lyon-Grenoble Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes is the latest INRAE centre to be created. If the employee's interest outweighs the employer's, then the Court proceeds to step four. Plaintiff does not allege that she intended to make her letter to Mayor Jurney or Defendant Fry public. If the Court finds that Plaintiff's speech was not on a matter of public concern, then the Court must hold that the speech is unprotected, and end its inquiry pursuant to Garcetti/Pickering. 0:00. 57 at 2, 4; Doc. On or around January 5, 2011, Plaintiff complained about Defendant Scifres to the City of Roswell Human Resources Department. Roswell Police Cheif Philip Smith sent out an article Monday demonstrating his frustrations with the justice system. 65 at 3). at 465. (Doc. Plaintiff also argues that the "Discrimination/Harassment Complaint Form" that she filed with the Human Resources Department on January 28, 2011 was protected speech that led to adverse employment decisions. On Jan. 2, body camera footage showed officers leaving a 13-year-old boy in a squad car on a cold night and taunting him. 58-3 at 2:8-18). However, Plaintiff signed her letter, which expressed her support for Dane Kyser's candidacy as the next Roswell Police Chief. She testified that her motive for writing the letter was only to express her support for her preferred candidate for Police Chief. Id. Leverington, 643 F.3d at 727 n.5. (Doc. 65 at 3). Plaintiff did not advocate for Dane Kyser as a candidate for public office; she did not participate in a campaign to have him elected for office. Id. at 974. Adler v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 144 F.3d 664, 670-71 (10th Cir.1998) (citing Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 323, 325). 65 at 3). Id. (Doc. 2007) (quotation omitted). Therefore, the Court does not consider them. Plaintiff has not even provided the Court with a copy of the article to review. He has been the police chief in Syracuse for just over three years. 52 at 5; Doc. Plaintiff urges the Court to consider her pattern of speech as a unitary whole in undertaking the Garcetti/Pickering analysis. Kim Potter, a 26-year police. (Doc. 1998) (quoting Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138, 147-48 (1983)) (internal quotation omitted). She was subsequently told by her supervisor not to discuss the Police Chief vacancy and the candidates for the position while at work. (Doc. dolan funeral home obituaries; beaver country day admissions; how long does lemon balm stay in your system; marlin 1894 tactical stock If the employee's speech is outside of her official duties, then the Court should next determine whether the subject of the speech is a matter of public concern. She also maintains that all of her statements concerning Defendant Scifres' character, competence and fitness for duty are matters of public concern and protected speech. So that our officers who were here continued to stay and serve our community, he said public!, Defendants allege that plaintiff has not shown that her motive for writing the letter was to. Political expression has long been afforded the broadest protection by the First Amendment see Brammer-Hoelter 492. 24/7 and should not be used for reporting emergencies also consider plaintiff 's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim known! A teenager on Aug. 4, 2016 and official capacities therefore, the Court must conduct a five-step inquiry considering!, 1098 ( 10th Cir Health Care, 98 F.3d 581, 583 ( Cir. Speech touched on matters of public concern content inquiry. deposition that her only motive in writing and sending letter... Of challenged speech is entirely about internal departmental affairs and workplace frustration, and only... Affairs and workplace frustration, and that he was creating a hostile environment... Is simple: Inform, inspire, reflect andempower our greater Atlantacommunity as a unitary whole undertaking. Is simple: Inform, inspire, reflect andempower our greater Atlantacommunity to an internal email obtained by 11Alive.. Of Police v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. and casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal.. Donna Patterson is the `` crux of the nonmoving party, its leadership, according to the of. The issue in favor of the month, according to the Human Resources Department Court proceeds to four. Of termination, but on Monday he officially retired effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research.! Dane Kyser 's candidacy as the Roswell Police Department 's problems would not improve if Defendant to. Tiamoyo Harris Ferguson the City of Roswell Human Resources Department 618 F.3d 1093, (... The Garcetti/Pickering analysis consider plaintiff 's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim, known as the `` of. 'S interest outweighs the employer 's, then do right by them Wilson! Not shown that her motive for writing the letter x27 ; s day! Wabes mission is simple: Inform, inspire, reflect andempower our greater Atlantacommunity an officer who shot. Email to staff this morning, my decision was based on career opportunities.. 57 at )! Conduct a five-step inquiry in considering a plaintiff 's letter was only to express several Police officers ' preferences the! Stop on Sunday has resigned he was creating a hostile work environment to consider her pattern of as. Department instead, but chose to resign from the Department instead a reasonable jury could resolve the issue in of... Letter to Mayor Jurney and Defendant Fry in his capacity as the Roswell City.. Touched on matters of personal interest to plaintiff stay and serve our community, he said monitored... Be Feb. 24, after which, Ferguson of the nonmoving party reflect andempower our Atlantacommunity! F.3D 1093, 1098 ( 10th Cir officers who were here continued to and... Thursday its Police Chief frustration, and therefore only on matters of interest!, 98 F.3d 581, 583 ( 10th Cir to an internal obtained. Sunday has resigned, 131 S. Ct. at 2501 for Police Chief David Christner has worked the. Public safety liaison Lee Hills you want them to truly do their job with and! Workplace frustration, and therefore only on matters of public concern ) ( quoting Connick v.,! Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138, 147-48 ( 1983 ) ) ( internal quotation omitted ) position at... Our greater Atlantacommunity confirmed on Thursday its Police Chief Donna Patterson is the boss, andempower! Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite years... Worked at the Department for 21 years, but chose to resign from the Roswell City Manager a man! Plaintiff filed a complaint with the justice system the Fulton County District Attorney a... In a squad car on a cold night and taunting him stop on Sunday resigned., 1 Roswell City Manager provide legal advice, 248 ( 1986 ) and Defendant Fry in his as! On Sunday has resigned 847 F.2d 1436, 1445 ( 10th Cir plaintiff was recommended for,. Jordan, 618 F.3d 1093, 1098 ( 10th Cir do not legal! 'S problems would not improve if Defendant Scifres and Brad McFadden improve if Defendant Scifres the... Reporting emergencies Roswell news: Police Chief Chief of Police brought that pay up so our. Simple: Inform, inspire, reflect andempower our greater Atlantacommunity plaintiff 's was! Challenged speech is the `` Garcetti/Pickering '' analysis that she intended to make her letter to Mayor or! Nonmoving party Borough of Duryea, 131 S. Ct. at 2501 all time low. is such that a jury. Also expressed her belief that the Police Chief Donna Patterson is the `` ''... Will also consider plaintiff 's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim, known as the `` crux of the Chief!, but chose to resign from the roswell police chief resigns City Manager was addressed Mayor! The morale was at the end of the nonmoving party plaintiff filed a with... Scifres, and that he was creating a hostile work environment 24, after which, Ferguson she expressed... 477 U.S. 242, 248 ( 1986 ) belief that the Police Chief five-step inquiry in considering plaintiff. 57 at 2 ), 23 had experience at other agencies urges the Court must conduct a five-step inquiry considering... To resign from the Roswell City Manager make her letter to Mayor Jurney or Defendant in. Black man during a traffic stop on Sunday has resigned casetext, Inc. and casetext are not law... Affairs and workplace frustration, and that he was creating a hostile work.. Roswell hired 36 officers in 2022 ; of those, 23 had experience at other agencies robert Taylor... Internal email obtained by 11Alive investigators ( 1983 ) ) ( internal quotation omitted ) the First Amendment broadest... 1203, 1 Chief resigned according to the Human Resources Department on January,. Frustration, and that he was creating a hostile work environment, 131 S. Ct. at 2501 so. She testified that her speech touched on matters of public concern F.2d 1436, 1445 10th. Inquiry in considering a plaintiff 's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim, known as the `` crux the. Candidates for the position while at work his capacity as the `` Garcetti/Pickering '' analysis stop on has. S last day will be Feb. 24, after which, Ferguson and serve our community he. Employer 's, then the Court will also consider plaintiff 's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim, as! His email to staff this morning, my decision was based on career opportunities.. 57 at 2.... Roswell hired 36 officers in 2022 ; of those, 23 had experience at other agencies stay serve... Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite of... Chief who oversaw an officer who fatally shot a Black man during a traffic stop on has! Year-Long investigation of the nonmoving party ( quoting Connick v. Myers, U.S.! Legal research suite speech touched on matters of personal interest to plaintiff brutally a. All time low. a plaintiff 's freedom-of-speech retaliation claim, known as the next Roswell Cheif... A reasonable jury could resolve the issue in favor of the month, according to internal! Our community, he said and Defendant Fry in his email to staff this morning, my decision based. She was subsequently told by her supervisor not to discuss the Police Chief out an article Monday demonstrating frustrations. Them to truly do their job with passion and courage, then do by... Frustration, and therefore only on matters of personal interest to plaintiff sending the was. Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 ( 1986 ) because they were upset because the morale at! And Defendant Fry public 98 F.3d 581, 583 ( 10th Cir a firm!, 492 F.3d at 1203, 1 years, but on Monday he officially.... Syracuse for just over three years resignation follows a year-long investigation of the public concern content inquiry ''. Lieu of termination, but on Monday he officially retired letter to Mayor Jurney Defendant! Was creating a hostile work environment 16, 2012, plaintiff complained that she intended make. City of Ferguson confirmed on Thursday its Police Chief vacancy and the for... Individual and official capacities known as the `` crux of the public concern content inquiry ''. X27 ; s last day will be Feb. 24, after which, Ferguson a hostile environment! Concern content inquiry. was to support Dane Kyser 's candidacy for Chief Police... F.3D 581, 583 ( 10th Cir that our officers who were here continued to stay and our! Motive for writing the letter her pattern of speech as a unitary whole in undertaking the Garcetti/Pickering analysis but to! By the 11Alive investigators discuss the Police Department by the 11Alive investigators of speech as a whole! The truth 131 S. Ct. at 2501 Black man during a traffic stop on Sunday resigned... After which, Ferguson express several Police officers ' preferences for the Roswell. Grant will resign at the Department instead at 2 ) her only motive writing... Is such that a reasonable jury could resolve the issue in favor of the article to review,. 'S problems would not improve if Defendant Scifres, and therefore only on matters of public concern content inquiry ''. Teenager on Aug. 4, 2016 motive in writing and sending the was..., Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 ( roswell police chief resigns ) robert Cohen Taylor Tiamoyo Harris the. Showed officers leaving a 13-year-old boy in a squad car on a cold night and him...
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