(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), whoever willfully imparts, conveys, or causes to be imparted or conveyed to a law enforcement officer or employee of a public safety agency false information or . Often this can be difficult, and it would be best to have a criminal defense attorney help you. Resulted in death or personal injury. If the department alleges that a person has filed a false report with the central abuse hotline, the department must file a Notice of Intent which alleges the name, age, and address of the individual, the facts constituting the allegation that the individual made a false report, and the administrative fine the department proposes to impose on the person. 91-224; s. 5, ch. Whoever knowingly and willfully gives false information to a law enforcement officer who is conducting a missing person investigation or a felony criminal investigation with the intent to mislead the officer or impede the investigation commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. Whoever knowingly and willfully gives false information to a law enforcement officer who is conducting a missing person investigation involving a child 16 years of age or younger with the intent to mislead the officer or impede the investigation, and the child who is the subject of the investigation suffers great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent disfigurement, or death, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. Joint Administrative Procedures Committee (JAPC), Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight(JCPO), Joint Legislative Auditing Committee (JLAC), Joint Legislative Budget Commission (JLBC), Joint Select Committee on Collective Bargaining (JSCB), Office of Program Policy Analysis & Government Accountability (OPPAGA), Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (LCIR), Joint Legislative Committee on Everglades Oversight (JCEO), Joint Legislative Sunset Committee (JCSC), Copyright 1995-2023 The Florida Legislature . July 15, 2021 Don Pumphrey, Jr. Criminal Defense Social Share. A law enforcement officer received the false report that was filed. The definition of False Report of a Crime, or 'False Police Report,' is contained in Section 817.49, Florida Statutes.Under the law, it is a criminal offense for a person to willfully and knowingly give false information or make a false report regarding the commission of a crime that the person knows did not actually occur. 77-429; ss. A person who knowingly gives false information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of a capital felony, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. s. 57, ch. 78-326; s. 22, ch. 21.1 Resisting Officer with Violence 843.01, Fla. Stat. Any person alleged to have filed the false report is entitled to an administrative hearing, pursuant to chapter 120, before the imposition of the fine becomes final. 75-101; s. 1, ch. Call 772-291-2534 or complete the form for a free consultation. (1) (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) or subsection (2), a person who knowingly gives false information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of any crime, commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. Knowledge of the materiality of the statement is not an element of this crime, and the defendants mistaken belief that his or her statement was not material is not a defense. Therefore the penalties imposed on the offender upon successful conviction can be stringent and have serious consequences. The person must request an administrative hearing within 60 days after receipt of the Notice of Intent by filing a request with the department. ; Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. 78-322; s. 3, ch. Joint Administrative Procedures Committee (JAPC), Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight(JCPO), Joint Legislative Auditing Committee (JLAC), Joint Legislative Budget Commission (JLBC), Joint Select Committee on Collective Bargaining (JSCB), Office of Program Policy Analysis & Government Accountability (OPPAGA), Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (LCIR), Joint Legislative Committee on Everglades Oversight (JCEO), Joint Legislative Sunset Committee (JCSC), Copyright 1995-2023 The Florida Legislature . 837.055 False information to law enforcement during investigation.. s. 1, ch. Joint Administrative Procedures Committee (JAPC), Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight(JCPO), Joint Legislative Auditing Committee (JLAC), Joint Legislative Budget Commission (JLBC), Joint Select Committee on Collective Bargaining (JSCB), Office of Program Policy Analysis & Government Accountability (OPPAGA), Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (LCIR), Joint Legislative Committee on Everglades Oversight (JCEO), Joint Legislative Sunset Committee (JCSC), Copyright 1995-2023 The Florida Legislature . Here is what you need to know about the punishment for filing a police report in Florida, the potential penalties you are likely to face upon conviction, and how a criminal defense attorney can help you. Joint Administrative Procedures Committee (JAPC), Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight(JCPO), Joint Legislative Auditing Committee (JLAC), Joint Legislative Budget Commission (JLBC), Joint Select Committee on Collective Bargaining (JSCB), Office of Program Policy Analysis & Government Accountability (OPPAGA), Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (LCIR), Joint Legislative Committee on Everglades Oversight (JCEO), Joint Legislative Sunset Committee (JCSC), Copyright 1995-2023 The Florida Legislature . Joint Administrative Procedures Committee (JAPC), Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight(JCPO), Joint Legislative Auditing Committee (JLAC), Joint Legislative Budget Commission (JLBC), Joint Select Committee on Collective Bargaining (JSCB), Office of Program Policy Analysis & Government Accountability (OPPAGA), Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (LCIR), Joint Legislative Committee on Everglades Oversight (JCEO), Joint Legislative Sunset Committee (JCSC), Copyright 1995-2023 The Florida Legislature . Most jurisdictions ( California Penal Code Section 148.5, for example) charge an individual who knowingly files a false police report with a misdemeanor. 2023 LawServer Online, Inc. All rights reserved. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ch. 1, 2, ch. View Entire Chapter: 837.05 False reports to law enforcement . 88-337; s. 56, ch. 77-77; s. 3, ch. Except as provided in subsection (2), whoever makes a false statement, which he or she does not believe to be true, under oath in an official proceeding in regard to any material matter, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. Each time that a false report is made constitutes a separate violation. The administrative hearing officer shall advise any person against whom a fine may be imposed of that persons right to be represented by counsel at the administrative hearing. Another person who was present when that person gave that information to the officer and heard that information. At theMeltzer & Bell law firm, we have experience handling criminal cases in Florida and will work hard to ensure that your charges are reduced or dropped altogether. 91-224; s. 10, ch. The reason is that, in Florida, statements to police enjoy a "qualified privilege" from defamation. A person who knowingly gives false information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of a capital felony, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. s. 57, ch. If the department or its authorized agent has determined during the course of its investigation that a report is a false report, the department may discontinue all investigative activities and shall, with the consent of the alleged perpetrator, refer the report to the local law enforcement agency having jurisdiction for an investigation to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to refer the case for prosecution for filing a false report as defined in s. A person who knowingly and willfully makes a false report of child abuse, abandonment, or neglect, or who advises another to make a false report, is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. The State Board of Education shall adopt rules to implement this section as it relates to Florida College System institutions; the Commission for Independent Education shall adopt rules to implement this section as it relates to nonpublic colleges, universities, and schools; and the Board of Governors shall adopt regulations to implement this section as it relates to state universities. Whoever knowingly makes a false statement in writing with the intent to mislead a public servant in the performance of his or her official duty shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. s. 58, ch. Florida's criminal statute deals with a false report in two ways. CRIMES. LawServer is for purposes of information only and is no substitute for legal advice. 1, 1A, ch. 97-102. Javascript must be enabled for site search. You can sustain this defense by providing that you lack knowledge or filed the report under a mistaken belief. False information to law enforcement during investigation. Jan. 1, 1974. 99-193. The sentence is up to a year in jail, plus probation and a fine of up to $1,000. This leaves room for additional penalties to be imposed on the offender. 2022 Florida Statutes. Definition of False Report of a Crime. 1637, 1868; RS 2560; GS 3472; RGS 5341; CGL 7474; s. 997, ch. This section may not be construed to remove or reduce the requirement of any person, including, but not limited to, any employee of a school readiness program provider determined to be eligible under s. ss. Another person who was present when that person gave that information to the officer and heard that information. According to Florida Statute 837.05 False Reports to Law Enforcement Authorities, lying about any crime is a first-degree misdemeanor. Failure to request an administrative hearing within 60 days after receipt of the Notice of Intent constitutes a waiver of the right to a hearing, making the administrative fine final. In addition to any other penalty authorized by this section, chapter 120, or other law, the department may impose a fine, not to exceed $10,000 for each violation, upon a person who knowingly and willfully makes a false report of abuse, abandonment, or neglect of a child, or a person who counsels another to make a false report. In the sunshine state, disorderly conduct and filing a false police report are classified as second degree misdemeanors. Oath includes affirmation or any other form of attestation required or authorized by law by which a person acknowledges that he or she is bound in conscience or law to testify truthfully in an official proceeding or other official matter. (1) A person who knowingly and willfully fails to report to the central abuse hotline known or suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect, or who knowingly and willfully prevents another person from doing so, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable . 71-136; s. 1, ch. Perjury when not in an official proceeding. 21.5 Giving False Information Concerning The Commission of A Crime 837.05 (1), Fla. Stat. 97-102. 59-294; s. 875, ch. s. 1, sub-ch. Having said that, the crime of filing a false police report as provided under Florida statute 817.49 denotes making a report to law enforcement that is known to be false. 1. A person can be charged with making a false report in order to prosecute them maliciously. The defendant knew that the report filed was false. Strictly speaking, filing a false report not only impeaches the credibility of the document as a whole but may also hinder the proper administration of criminal justice. The alleged perpetrator may submit witness affidavits to assist the court in making this initial determination. 71-136; ss. Filing a False Police Report. The question of whether a statement was material is a question of law to be determined by the court. There are two Florida statutes under which persons may be prosecuted for lying to police. In other words, the defendants knowledge is at the core of the charge. Florida statute 817.49 makes it an offense for a person to make a false report to a law enforcement officer knowingly. For this reason, you need a competent and qualified criminal defense attorney to help you. A person who knowingly and willfully makes public or discloses any confidential information contained in the central abuse hotline or in the records of any child abuse, abandonment, or neglect case, except as provided in this chapter, commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. The department shall establish procedures for determining whether a false report of child abuse, abandonment, or neglect has been made and for submitting all identifying information relating to such a report to the appropriate law enforcement agency. PERJURY. 97-90. 71-136; s. 54, ch. 63-24; s. 941, ch. (1) Whoever knowingly and willfully gives false information to a law enforcement officer who is conducting a missing person . Typically the charge of filing a false police report is classified as amisdemeanor of the 1st degree. The defendant willfully provided false information or a report about the alleged commission of a crime to a law enforcement officer. 399, Sec. Benjamin Herbst is a South Florida criminal lawyer who specializes in charges for false reporting of a crime. s. 2, ch. 2. One of the possible defenses to the charge is demonstrating to the court that you genuinely believe the report was not false. False Report to a Police Officer While courts have recognized the right of law enforcement officers to fudge the facts to suspects during investigations and interrogations, anyone who lies to police should know they could be in violation of the law. If you are charged with filing a false police report in Florida, you will not obviously be convicted without defending yourself. Knowledge of the materiality of the statement is not an element of the crime of perjury under subsection (1) or subsection (2), and the defendants mistaken belief that the statement was not material is not a defense. or subsection (2), a person who knowingly gives false information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of any crime, commits a misdemeanor of the first . False Crime Allegations in Florida. 21.3 Obstruction by Disguised Person 843.03, Fla. Stat. 911 operators and other law enforcement officers who take reports from citizens. Benjamin is available to discuss your charges anytime at (954) 543-0305, and can meet 7 . Death to any person as a proximate result of lawful conduct arising out of a response, the person making such report commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. 71-97; s. 32, ch. In addition to the criminal sanctions that may be imposed upon conviction, you may have a ruined record that may hinder you from accessing opportunities in the future. Although these two charges are distinct, you may face both charges simultaneously. Administrative fines for false report of abuse, abandonment, or neglect of a child; civil damages. A nonpublic college, university, or school subject to a fine shall be assessed by the Commission for Independent Education. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 75-298; s. 206, ch. 75-298; s. 3, ch. (1) In addition to any other penalty authorized by this section, chapter 120, or other law, the department may impose a fine, not to exceed $10,000 for each violation, upon a . A person who commits a violation of paragraph (a) commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated orally and the officers account of that information is corroborated by: An audio recording or audio recording in a video of that information; A written or recorded statement made by the person who gave that information; or. View Entire Chapter. 91-224; s. 5, ch. 91-224; s. 1310, ch. Except as provided in subsection (2), whoever, in one or more official proceedings, willfully makes two or more material statements under oath which contradict each other, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. Legally speaking, the prosecution can only sustain the charge if the defendant knowingly made a false report. (3) A court shall order any person convicted of violating this section to pay restitution, which shall include full . Schedule. 75-298; s. 206, ch. Joint Administrative Procedures Committee (JAPC), Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight(JCPO), Joint Legislative Auditing Committee (JLAC), Joint Legislative Budget Commission (JLBC), Joint Select Committee on Collective Bargaining (JSCB), Office of Program Policy Analysis & Government Accountability (OPPAGA), Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (LCIR), Joint Legislative Committee on Everglades Oversight (JCEO), Joint Legislative Sunset Committee (JCSC), Copyright 1995-2023 The Florida Legislature . I will work hard to secure the results you seek. The statute governing the offense requires the false report to be filed to a law enforcement officer for a person to be charged with the crime. First, Florida statute 817.49 provides for the offense of filing a false police report, while Florida statute 837.05 provides for the offense of false information concerning the commission of a crime.Although these two charges are distinct, you may face both charges simultaneously. The answer is in the affirmative. In other words, a person alleged to have committed a crime can sue the person who filed the false report. False reports to law enforcement authorities. Whoever, in one or more official proceedings that relate to the prosecution of a capital felony, willfully makes two or more material statements under oath which contradict each other, commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. 2021-64. These entities include both the parties involved in the crash and their licensed insurance agents. In simpler terms, the offense is deemed to have been committed if the defendant files a report to law enforcement, knowing that the information provided is false. Under Section 837.05, Florida Statutes, it is a criminal offense for a person to knowingly give to a law enforcement or police officer false information regarding the commission of a crime.. (2) Whoever knowingly gives . To succeed in this, you may need to prove that the person making the accusation has ulterior motives. Whoever knowingly makes a false statement in writing with the intent to mislead a public servant in the performance of his or her official duty shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. s. 58, ch. 74-383; s. 34, ch. 75-298; s. 207, ch. 2022-67. On the other hand, you can defend yourself by showing that you are being accused falsely. We understand your needs and created this service to provide a direct and timely method to report a crime. If the willful making of a false report of a crime as set forth in this section results in a response by a federal, state, district, municipal, or other public safety agency and the response results in: Great bodily harm, permanent disfigurement, or permanent disability to any person as a proximate result of lawful conduct arising out of a response, the person making such report commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. Death to any person as a proximate result of lawful conduct arising out of a response, the person making such report commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. A court shall order any person convicted of violating this section to pay restitution, which shall include full payment for any cost incurred by a responding public safety agency. Floridas criminal statute deals with a false report in two ways. To sustain the charge, the prosecution will need to prove the core elements of the charge that are contemplated under section 817.49 of the applicable Florida statute. Contact ustoday for a free case evaluation. Notice of the imposition of the administrative fine must be served upon the person and the persons legal counsel, by certified mail, return receipt requested, and must state that the person may seek judicial review of the administrative fine pursuant to s. All amounts collected under this section shall be deposited into an appropriate trust fund of the department. The changes proposed through HB 371 reclassify swatting as follows: It is a Third Degree Felony when false reports result in a public safety agency response that exceeds $2,000. 78-379; s. 181, ch. In such a case, the law enforcement officer contemplated under Florida Statute 817.49 includes: That said, the charges will be prosecuted aggressively, and you may end up facing severe consequences associated with the charge. Skip to Navigation | Skip to Main Content | Skip to Site Map. 837.05 False reports to law enforcement authorities.. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. For a complete list of entities, please refer to section 316.066, Florida Statutes. The first is the filing a false police report under Florida Statute 817.49. Furthermore, the defendant can be held criminally liable for making a false report to a law enforcement officer. s. 1, ch. 2013-117. If the name of the person who filed the false report or counseled another to do so has not been disclosed under subsection (9), the department as custodian of the records may be named as a party in the suit until the dependency court determines in a written order upon an in camera inspection of the records and report that there is a reasonable basis for believing that the report was false and that the identity of the reporter may be disclosed for the purpose of proceeding with a lawsuit for civil damages resulting from the filing of the false report. During this period, only the specific entities identified in section 316.066(2), Florida Statutes, can obtain a copy of the report. A conviction could lead to a one year jail sentence, a fine up to $1,000, or both. Contact Info; City Hall; 300 S. Adams St. Tallahassee FL 32301; 850-891-0000; Maps and Directions; Contact Us; City Commission; The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated in writing. Tampa personal injury attorneys and wrongful death lawsuit lawyer who have . For this reason, if you or your loved one is facing a charge in relation to filing a false police report, you need to hire a criminal defense attorney at theMeltzer & Bell law firmimmediately. 97-90; s. 1, ch. The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated in writing. Charges and Penalties. (b) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. Except as provided in subsection (2), whoever willfully imparts, conveys, or causes to be imparted or conveyed to a law enforcement officer or employee of a public safety agency false information or reports concerning the alleged commission of any crime under the laws of this state, knowing such information or report to be false, when no such crime has actually been committed, commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. As used in this section, the term public safety agency means a law enforcement agency, professional or volunteer fire department, emergency medical service, ambulance service, or other public entity that dispatches or provides first responder services to respond to crimes, to assist victims of crimes, or to apprehend offenders. 98-111; s. 36, ch. A police report is a document that contains all relevant information regarding an offense or an incident that has happened. 59-294; s. 875, ch. 97-90; s. 1, ch. If the willful making of a false report of a crime as set forth in this section results in a response by a federal, state, district, municipal, or other public safety agency and the response results in: Great bodily harm, permanent disfigurement, or permanent disability to any person as a proximate result of lawful conduct arising out of a response, the person making such report commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. Death to any person as a proximate result of lawful conduct arising out of a response, the person making such report commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. A court shall order any person convicted of violating this section to pay restitution, which shall include full payment for any cost incurred by a responding public safety agency. Its relevance is not limited to criminal proceedings, as it can also be used during civil trials. That said, filing a false police report is an offense that is prosecuted aggressively in Florida. In this chapter, unless a different meaning plainly is required: Official proceeding means a proceeding heard, or which may be or is required to be heard, before any legislative, judicial, administrative, or other governmental agency or official authorized to take evidence under oath, including any referee, general or special magistrate, administrative law judge, hearing officer, hearing examiner, commissioner, notary, or other person taking testimony or a deposition in connection with any such proceeding. Under California law, a conviction can land you in a county jail for up to six months, in addition to fines, possible probation, counseling, and/or community service . You can also call the Gainesville Police Department directly at (352) 393-7500. . Copyright 2000- 2023 State of Florida. 75-298; s. 206, ch. A person who commits a violation of paragraph (a) commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084, if the person has previously been convicted of a violation of paragraph (a) and subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2. applies: The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated orally and the officers account of that information is corroborated by: An audio recording or audio recording in a video of that information; A written or recorded statement made by the person who gave that information; or. Terms Used In Florida Statutes 817.535. Such admission is made before it has become manifest that such false statement has been or will be exposed. https://www.treasurecoastcriminalteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/meltzer_and_bell_pa_-_what_is_the_punishment_for_filing_a_false_police_report_in_florida_.mp4-1080p.mp4, Florida statute 817.49 provides for the offense of filing a false police report, Florida statute 837.05 provides for the offense of false information concerning the commission of a crime. 2004-11. More worryingly, you may also face civil claims such as defamation. Former ss. The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated in writing. 74-383; s. 34, ch. A person who knowingly and willfully fails to report to the central abuse hotline known or suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect, or who knowingly and willfully prevents another person from doing so, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. Unless the court finds that the person is a victim of domestic violence or that other mitigating circumstances exist, a person who is 18 years of age or older and lives in the same house or living unit as a child who is known or suspected to be a victim of child abuse, neglect of a child, or aggravated child abuse, and knowingly and willfully fails to report the child abuse commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. Any Florida College System institution, state university, or nonpublic college, university, or school, as defined in s. A Florida College System institution subject to a fine shall be assessed by the State Board of Education. Those are: (1) It is unlawful for a person who has been arrested or lawfully detained by a law enforcement officer to give a false name, or otherwise falsely identify himself or herself in any way, to the law enforcement officer or any county jail personnel. Whether a matter is material in a given factual situation is a question of law. 91-71; s. 251, ch. 316.066 Written reports of crashes.. He has successfully defended numerous clients who have been charged with this offense, and continues to fight for dismissals in each and every case. Our partners are on call 24/7 to help you protect your rights. Material matter means any subject, regardless of its admissibility under the rules of evidence, which could affect the course or outcome of the proceeding. 97-102. A person may not be prosecuted under this section for making contradictory statements in separate proceedings if the contradictory statement made in the most recent proceeding was made under a grant of immunity under s. 914.04; but such person may be prosecuted under s. 837.02 for any false statement made in that most recent proceeding, and the contradictory statements may be received against him or her upon any criminal investigation or proceeding for such perjury. In any prosecution for perjury under this section: The prosecution may proceed in a single count by setting forth the willful making of contradictory statements under oath and alleging in the alternative that one or more of them are false. Whoever makes a false statement, which he or she does not believe to be true, under oath in an official proceeding that relates to the prosecution of a capital felony, commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. Information regarding an offense that is prosecuted aggressively in Florida ; Damages Money. Constitutes a separate violation that information to law enforcement Violence 843.01, Stat! Legal advice attorneys and wrongful death lawsuit lawyer who specializes in charges for false reporting of a 837.05. To criminal proceedings, as it can also be used during civil.. Or neglect of a child ; civil Damages is a first-degree misdemeanor is a first-degree misdemeanor Commission! 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The reason is that, in Florida be best to have committed a crime the can. Is prosecuted aggressively in Florida, statements to police enjoy a & quot ; qualified privilege & ;! Used during civil trials a question of law relevant information regarding an or. X27 ; s criminal statute deals with a false police report in two ways initial determination simultaneously... That a false police report is made constitutes a separate violation refer section... 5, 6, ch officer knowingly report is a question of law to be on. ) a court shall order any person convicted of violating this section to pay restitution, which shall include.. Florida & # x27 ; s criminal statute deals with a false police in! Submit witness affidavits to assist the court mistaken belief document that contains all relevant regarding... Insurance agents convicted of violating this section is a question of law to be imposed on offender! If you are being accused falsely both charges simultaneously 843.01, Fla..... The form for a person alleged to have committed a crime can sue the person who was present that... We understand your needs and created this service to provide a direct and timely method to report a 837.05... Whoever knowingly and willfully gives false information Concerning the Commission of a child ; Damages... B ) an offense for a complete list of entities, please refer section!
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