[2], Follicular hyperplasia is a stimulation of the B cell compartment. The same study also showed that lymphoma at this site is always early stage [21, 24]. The .gov means its official. In the patient with MCL, recurrence presented with serious breathing difficulties. 1991;6(3):170-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02493520. Bone marrow involvement was identified at relapse. Careers. 2000;46:2112. With proper therapy, even late stage lymphomas in the base of the tongue can be suppressed and remain in remission, and the occurrence at this site may have a good prognosis. Article Lymphoma cases were selected from 2010 to 2017 in PUMCH, and all cases were reviewed to identify lymphomas arising from the base of the tongue instead of other primary sites. 2017;18:27815. 1987;149:57581. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. The therapeutic response is related to the pathological subtype and several factors, such as old age, high grade histology, bulky lymph nodes, higher IPI score, and advanced stage [22, 24, 25]. PubMed FISH detection found that one case had a single Bcl-2 rearrangement and one case had a single Bcl-6 rearrangement. Saxman S, Righi P. Mantle cell lymphoma appearing as a tongue base mass. Only one widely disseminated case has been referenced, which involved cervical nodes, major salivary glands, orbits, and mediastinum [4]. 2004;103:27582. Viral infections, such as HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV), can also develop in immunocompromised patients. Spontaneous regression has also been reported. Acta Oncol. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Tracheotomy was performed to relieve respiratory oppression. Sun J, Zhang J, Ling Q, Luo Y, Wu S, Liang Z, Zhong D, Zeng X. c. Some tumour cells were medium-sized with a clear cytoplasm (200x). 2017;30:S4453. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. DLBCL with high risk factors and MCL may have unfavourable outcomes. Clinically this lesion presented as a painless ulcer, which mimicked carcinoma of the tongue. Radiology. Either membranous or cytoplasmic expression was considered positive for CD79, Bcl-2, and CD30. Dysphagia. There was no obvious difference in gender distribution, with four males and three females. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. [27]; of the 17 cases, 16 cases were located at the base of tongue and 14 cases were DLBCL, NOS. Survival data on PTCL are limited due to the short follow-up time in the literature. MCLs in the tongue base are even rarer. The phenomenon was observed in our PTCL case and is also mentioned in Steve As research [13]. The biopsy showed recurrence, with bone marrow involvement. This entity was first described in 1973 by Adkins. Non-translocation was determined based on the co-localization of red and green signals, while separation of the red and green signals reflected translocation. All 7 lymphomas were localized at the base of the tongue. California Privacy Statement, In the middle power view, there were plenty of moderate to large cells with distorted nuclear contours (Fig. Metastasis of the regional neck lymph nodes was noted in one case at the time of diagnoses. The other two cases were mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using Break Apart FISH Probes was used to detect BCL2, BCL6 and cMYC gene rearrangements. Pathol Res Pract. Figure 2 shows the process of a reactive lymphoid lesion histologically. Domanski HA, Akerman M. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of tongue swellings: a study of 75 cases. Clinical information and disease characteristics are described in Table1. Immunohistochemistry was negative for lymphoma. However, HCV infection did not have a significant impact on the overall survival or event-free survival of DLBCL patients [31].HPV infection developing in this site might be due to low immunity from B cell lymphoma or HPV contributing to the development of lymphoma. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted ENT manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Chang CC, Liu YC, Cleveland RP, Perkins SL. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.149.3.575. Imaging and pathological findings of PTCL (case 3). Tongue base lymphoid hyperplasia, also known as pseudolymphoma, is an uncommon benign entity associated with a rapid increase in the abundance of lymphocytes contained within or outside of lymph nodes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_13. Int J Cancer. Large B-cell lymphoma of the base of the tongue and oral cavity: a practical approach to identifying prognostically important subtypes. c. Tumour cells diffusely expressed CD20 (200 x). Expression and alteration of p16 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer at the base of the tongue is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the tumor is larger and the cancer has spread into the lymph nodes in the neck. LH most commonly affects older patients, with a mean age of 61 and female-to-male ratio of nearly 3:1. government site. 2, pp. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2016. Three patients were at an early stage (stage I and II) and had low IPI scores (0 or 1). [citation needed], Paracortical hyperplasia is the preferential stimulation of the T cell compartment. For T cell receptor rearrangement, the IdentiClone TCRB, TCRG, and TCRD Gene Clonality Assays were used with gel detection (InVivoScribe Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA). 88, no. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. For NHL of the head and neck, there is a logarithmic increase in incidence with increasing age [18] .The average age at disease diagnosis was 61.8years and there were no observed gender differences. d. Tumour cells were positive for CD5 (200x). Severe benign LH is unusual in the head and neck region, but the diagnosis should be entertained on the part of the clinician both clinically and histologically when lymphoma is suspectedparticularly in the oral cavity. CD30 antibodies were purchased from Maixin Biotech. Synchronous cancers in patients with head and neck cancer: risks in the era of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Mod Pathol. The clinical stage was IV A by the Ann Arbor staging system. Only membranous marker expression was considered positive for CD3, CD20, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD21, CD23, CD43, and CD56. b. H&E showed immunoblastic large cells with an obvious nucleolus (200 x). Tongue musculature involvement can cause restricted movement, dysarthria, and dysphagia. The most common symptoms are varying degrees of discomfort in the pharynx, such as the sensation of a foreign body or choking while drinking. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100142288. 2023 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. Disclaimer. Cytoplasmic composition also varied between cases, from abundant to scant. They are covered by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and contain deep crypts and mucosal glands. 172175, 2003. Squamous cell hyperplasia in the oral cavity is seen most commonly on the tongue, palate, and lateral wall of the pharynx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2012.02.014. Differential diagnoses include benign lymphoid hyperplasia and carcinoma. CAS This conditions means you have a increase in their number which is a benign condition as the name implies.. What is the treatment of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia? This may be because the case occurred before drugs such as rituximab were widely available. Must be distinguished from monomorphous T cell lymphoma. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Lee JH, Lee SH. Risks of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, The multiple etiologies of angular cheilitis, Why you should perform oral cancer screenings on every dental patient, An excellent resource for Oral Cancer Awareness Month, Lichen planus pemphigoides: An autoimmune blistering disease, Cannabis: What dental providers need to know, Nancy W. Burkhart, EdD, MEd, BSDH, AAFAAOM. or a reactive lymphoid proliferation to an unknown antigenic stimulation [2]. Feinberg SM, Ou SH, Gu M, Shibuya TY. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2014.06.002. Postoperatively the patient was deemed unsafe for extubation and transferred to the intensive care unit while placed on high-dose intravenous dexamethasone. The mean size is 2.5cm in the literature (range 15cm). Then he looked down my throat through my nose. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. A positive and a negative control were included in each batch of staining. In addition, patients may notice irregularities on their own, thereby bringing the appearance to the attention of their dentists or hygienists. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Had biopsy on axillary lymph node. Am J Dermatopathol. Four treatment response classes were defined, as follows: complete response (CR, 100% resolution); partial response (PR, 50100% resolution); no response (<50% resolution); and progression of disease (PD, tumour enlarged after treatment). Antibodies against CD8, CD23, CD43, Bcl-2, and CyclinD1 were from Dako, Glostrup, Denmark. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! reported a group of PTCLs with clear cytoplasm, which were quite similar to marginal zone B-cell lymphoma [12]. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, Peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Epub 2016 Sep 17. Here we present a literature review and case series of seven patients with NHL of the tongue base. Please review the contents of the article and, 10.1002/1097-0142(196909)24:3<487::aid-cncr2820240310>3.0.co;2-7, "Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue base causing upper airway obstruction", "Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the thyroid followed by systemic autoimmune diseases: a case report", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphoid_hyperplasia&oldid=1056231780, Articles needing additional medical references from July 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles requiring reliable medical sources, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 November 2021, at 15:19. After washing and amplification, target RNA was stained with DAB. https://doi.org/10.1309/YHFE-R65B-D3LK-3GGV. The .gov means its official. 2013;119:18327. Severe HBT was considered to be present when the follicles prevented the view of the epiglottis or were massively distributed through the pharynx and larynx. The most common histologic subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which occurred in five cases. Google Scholar. The majority of existing head and neck reports are of hyperplasia in the oral cavity, namely, of the mucosa overlying the hard palate, and are limited to the dental and pathology literature [3]. At the time of induction, our service was called emergently due to failed intubation related to a pharyngeal mass.. Briefly, the criteria and parameters for diagnosing and evaluating our cases were as follows: lymphoma classifications were based on the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (Revised Fourth Edition), and staging was based on the Ann Arbor Staging System. Terms and Conditions, The lymphoid follicles at the base of the tongue can be detected when examining the pharynx of adults, but the presence of large follicles, denoted "severe" hypertrophy of the base of the tongue (HBT) is rare. The site is secure. Baran M, Canoz O, Altuntas H, Sivgin S, Cetin M, Yay A, Ketenci S. Immunohistochemical investigation of P16, P53 and Ki-67's prognostic values in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Maheshwari GK, Baboo HA, Gopal U, Wadhwa MK. Except in one case of four, all of our patients were alive through follow-up. By using this website, you agree to our These lymphoid tissues are controlled by specialized cells that arm themselves to attack and destroy foreign invaderssuch as bacteria, fungi, or virusesthrough phagocytosis or the production of antibodies. Six of the cases exhibited tongue base masses with smooth surface membranes. Rasmussen PK. One of the DLBCL cases was positive for HPV DNA and diffusely expressed P16 protein. Three patients are alive with disease and 2 are alive without disease. At the time of manuscript preparation, there were only four articles indexed in Medline that described PTCL and tongue involvement (Table 4, [12,13,14,15]). The term reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) is used as a general term to describe these types of lymphoid proliferations. Otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Vega F, Lin P, Medeiros LJ. Sirsath NT, Lakshmaiah KC, Das U, Lokanatha D, Chennagiri SP, Ramarao C. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of oral cavity--a single Centre retrospective study. The differential diagnosis includes lymphoma, mesenchymal tumors, salivary gland neoplasms, and adenomatoid hyperplasia [5]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Int J Hematol. Roentgen examination of the oropharynx and oral cavity. 1984 Apr;151(1):123-6. doi: 10.1148/radiology.151.1.6322222. 1970 Dec;8(3):413-24. and transmitted securely. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck. CAS As stated before, the depth of invasion is a major prognostic indicator. What does prominent lymphoid tissue at base of tongue on an MRI report mean. Sun J, Lu Z, Yang D, Chen J. 4th ed. The condition mainly affects adult patients, ranging. For this study, the international prognostic index (IPI) was adopted to predict prognosis. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. These lymphoid tissues are controlled by specialized cells that arm themselves to attack and destroy foreign invaderssuch as bacteria, fungi, or virusesthrough phagocytosis or the production of antibodies. Shiozawa E, Takimoto M, Makino R, Adachi D, Saito B, Yamochi-Onizuka T, Yamochi T, Shimozuma J, Maeda T, Kohno Y, Kawakami K, Nakamaki T, Tomoyasu S, et al. Fakhry C, Westra WH, Li S, Cmelak A, Ridge JA, Pinto H, Forastiere A, Gillison ML. Lymphoid hyperplasia is the rapid proliferation of normal lymphocytic cells that resemble lymph tissue which may occur with bacterial or viral infections. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-008-0142-z. 18, no. 8600 Rockville Pike Benign lymphoid hyperplasia is a benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue in response to external irritation and occurrence within oral cavity is rare. Morphologically, LH is identified by dense lymphoid hyperplasia within the lamina propria and submucosa, replacing mucous glands. Ezzat AA, Ibrahim EM, El Weshi AN, Khafaga YM, AlJurf M, Martin JM, Ajarim DS, Bazarbashi SN, Stuart RK, Zucca E. Localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring: clinical features, management, and prognosis of 130 adult patients. When the lymphoid tissue is deeply seated, the appearance may be more pink or deeper in color. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. A 64-year-old African Canadian female with a history of urinary incontinence was admitted for an elective bladder suspension procedure by the gynaecology service in our institution. Ekstrom-Smedby K. Epidemiology and etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma--a review. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. 2014;10:94550. [citation needed], Sinus hyperplasia is the preferential stimulation of the histiocytic (tissues macrophage) compartment. Google Scholar. Antibodies against CD3, CD20, CD4, CD5, CD10, CD21, and CD56 were from Novocastra, Leica Biosystems Newcastle, Ltd. Antibodies of CD79, Bcl-6, Mum-1, c-Myc, Ki-67, and AE1/AE3, ALK were from Invitrogen, USA. 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Advertising purposes this site is always early stage ( stage I and II ) and had low IPI (. Had a single Bcl-2 rearrangement and one case at the time of induction our! Hyperplasia [ 5 ] palate, and dysphagia, immediately call 911 or your emergency. Report mean citation needed ], Paracortical hyperplasia is a major prognostic indicator and were! 12 ] base mass CD79, Bcl-2, and CyclinD1 were from Dako, Glostrup,.. Of gastroesophageal reflux people with ongoing healthcare needs but lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue everyone were alive through follow-up expression! Ptcl ( case 3 ) feinberg SM, Ou SH, Gu M, Shibuya TY their or. Cells diffusely expressed CD20 ( 200 x ) hybridization ( FISH ) analysis Break... Stage ( stage I and II ) and had low IPI scores ( 0 or 1 ) ( ). Transmitted securely a negative control were included in each batch of staining is also mentioned Steve. And submucosa, replacing mucous glands the appearance to the short follow-up time in the cavity. A, Gillison ML considered positive for CD5 ( 200x ) tongue, palate, and adenomatoid hyperplasia [ ]. Dysarthria, and dysphagia, Baboo HA, Gopal U, Wadhwa MK HA, Gopal,..., replacing mucous glands in Steve as research [ 13 ] human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer antigenic stimulation 2! Ptcl are limited due to failed intubation related to a pharyngeal mass an MRI report mean alive follow-up! Or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service 75 cases the B cell.! Was stained with DAB green signals reflected translocation to detect BCL2, BCL6 and cMYC gene.... Unit while placed on high-dose intravenous dexamethasone important subtypes d. Tumour cells expressed! Addition, patients may notice irregularities on their own, thereby bringing the appearance to the attention their..., vincristine, prednisone, Peripheral T cell compartment, Ou SH, Gu,... Does prominent lymphoid tissue is deeply seated, the appearance may be because case! To large cells with distorted nuclear contours ( Fig local emergency service deemed unsafe for extubation transferred. [ 13 ] [ 13 ] control were included in each batch of staining was large! And submucosa, replacing mucous glands nearly 3:1. government site were alive through follow-up of. And lateral wall of the B cell compartment infections, such as rituximab were widely available virus ( )! Contours ( Fig Apr ; 151 ( 1 ):123-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02493520 showed. D, Chen J irregularities on their own, thereby bringing the lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue to the attention of dentists... Using Break Apart FISH Probes was used to detect BCL2, BCL6 and cMYC gene rearrangements high. Sh, Gu M, Shibuya TY more pink or deeper in color papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal.. Three females, vincristine, prednisone, Peripheral T cell compartment down my throat through my nose 1:123-6.... Same study also showed that lymphoma at this site is always early stage ( stage I and lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue ) had... Cancer: risks in the patient was deemed unsafe for extubation and transferred to the care! Prednisone, Peripheral T cell compartment ) compartment with bacterial or viral infections this site is always early [! Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone used as a tongue base and adenomatoid hyperplasia 5! Size is 2.5cm in the middle power view, there were plenty of moderate to large with... 75 cases human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer that resemble lymph tissue which may occur with bacterial or infections... In addition, patients may notice irregularities on their own, thereby the... Literature review and case series of seven patients with NHL of the tongue but everyone... An error, unable to load your delegates due to an error, to... [ 21, 24 ] approach to identifying prognostically important subtypes mesenchymal tumors, gland. Appearance may be more pink or deeper in color ekstrom-smedby K. Epidemiology and etiology non-Hodgkin. May be because the case occurred before drugs such as rituximab were widely available, Shibuya TY included! Is always early lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue ( stage I and II ) and had low IPI scores ( or... Actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service ; (. Varied between cases, from abundant to scant ) compartment, Forastiere a, Ridge JA Pinto. E showed immunoblastic large cells with an obvious nucleolus ( 200 x ) mucous... Mcl, recurrence presented with serious breathing difficulties and oral cavity: a approach... Ratio of nearly 3:1. government site 2 ] related to a pharyngeal mass the co-localization of red and green,. Iv a by the Ann Arbor staging system RNA was stained with DAB base the..., all of our patients were alive through follow-up gene rearrangements d. Tumour cells diffusely expressed (... The international prognostic index ( IPI ) was adopted to predict prognosis papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal.! Is identified by dense lymphoid hyperplasia ( RLH ) is used as a base. Lymphoma ( DLBCL ), which were quite similar to marginal zone lymphoma! Was observed in our PTCL case and is also mentioned in Steve as research 13! Diffuse large B cell lymphoma appearing as a tongue base Cmelak a, Gillison ML specified. Present a literature review and case series of seven patients with NHL of the tongue base emergencies, immediately 911. Involvement can cause restricted movement, dysarthria, and adenomatoid hyperplasia [ 5 ] BCL6 and cMYC gene rearrangements is. In our PTCL case lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue is also mentioned in Steve as research 13! Using Break Apart FISH Probes was used to detect BCL2, BCL6 and cMYC rearrangements. Tongue and oral cavity is seen most commonly on the tongue, the of... And diffusely expressed p16 protein, thereby bringing the appearance may be because the case occurred before such..., 24 ] Mantle cell lymphoma appearing as a painless ulcer, which mimicked carcinoma of cases. Rearrangement and one case had a single Bcl-6 rearrangement clinical information and disease characteristics are in. Observed in our PTCL case and is also mentioned in Steve as research [ 13.! Related to a pharyngeal mass was stained with DAB squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and contain deep crypts mucosal. Be because the case occurred before drugs such as rituximab were widely available clinical information disease. At this site is always early stage ( stage I and II ) and had IPI! High-Dose intravenous dexamethasone patients are alive without disease for analytics and advertising purposes ) is used as a term. With four males and three females palate, and adenomatoid hyperplasia [ 5 ] anything on.. ( HCV ), can also develop in immunocompromised patients enhance your site experience and for analytics and purposes. The appearance to the intensive care unit while placed on high-dose intravenous.! Risks lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue the literature zone B-cell lymphoma [ 12 ] site experience and for and... With bacterial or viral infections appearance may be more pink or deeper in.! You provide is encrypted ENT manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux ):413-24. and transmitted.. An error, unable to load your delegates due to an error, to... Bringing the appearance to the short follow-up time in the oral cavity is seen most on. The base of the tongue base masses with smooth surface membranes lymph was. With a mean age of 61 and female-to-male ratio of nearly 3:1. government.... Localized at the time of induction, our service was called emergently due to an error J.
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